Abstract: Various embodiments of methods and systems for buffering a video stream to smooth out the variable bit rate in an MPEG 2 transport stream to a capped bit rate, while not causing packet loss on the network, and allowing the streams to pass through a bit rate constrained IP network are disclosed. One method includes conditioning a variable bit rate video content stream such that the frames are packed back to back into a constant bit rate stream such that filler packets are not required to approximate a constant bit rate. The packed video content stream, having a constant bit rate due to portions of the frames being packed into a given transmission segment, may be transmitted across a channel in a constant bit rate network.

Abstract: A device for stopping flow of molten metal through a conduit having a longitudinal central passage. A ceramic seal is placed through a wall of a ceramic pipe for preventing flow of the molten metal through the opening in the wall of the ceramic pipe. A nonmetallic plug is located adjacent the ceramic seal. A lever arm adjacent the plug is used for depressing the ceramic seal and the nonmetallic plug vertically into the ceramic pipe through the longitudinal central passage to prevent flow of molten metal through the ceramic pipe.