Abstract: A security element, e g. for an ID card (7) or passport, banknote, ticket, etc, comprises a plurality of superposed layers (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) and a security image or object (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) comprising a plurality of discrete security components, each said discrete security component constituting or providing a portion of the complete security image or object, which portion is less than the whole of the security image or object, wherein each said discrete security component is provided or formed on or within a respective one of the said plurality of superposed layers of the element (7). The layers can be laminated together. The components can be: a security rainbow hologram/DOVID (1); a tactile security feature (2); a 3D holographic optical element (3); an IR visible printing (4); an UV visible printing (5); a colour switch printing (6).

Abstract: A security element, e g. for an ID card (7) or passport, banknote, ticket, etc, comprises a plurality of superposed layers (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) and a security image or object (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) comprising a plurality of discrete security components, each said discrete security component constituting or providing a portion of the complete security image or object, which portion is less than the hole of the security image or object, wherein each said discrete security component is provided or formed on or within a respective one of the said plurality of superposed layers of the element (7). The layers can be laminated together. The components can be: a security rainbow hologram/DOVID (1); a tactile security feature (2); a 3D holographic optical element (3); an IR visible printing (4); an UV visible printing (5); a colour switch printing (6).

Abstract: A wireless modem comprises an antenna, modem circuitry, a first galvanic isolation device, and a second galvanic isolation device. The antenna is configured to transmit and receive wireless signals and to communicate electronic transmit and receive signals. The modem circuitry is configured to convert transmit data from a data processing system to the electronic transmit signal for the antenna and to convert the electronic receive signal from the antenna to receive data for the data processing system. The first galvanic isolation device is configured to electrically isolate the electronic transmit and receive signals between the antenna and the modem circuitry. The second galvanic isolation device is configured to receive electrical power from the data processing system and supply isolated electrical power to the modem circuitry and to electrically isolate the transmit and receive data between the modem circuitry and the data processing system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a relief pattern as part of a layered structure and comprising, forming a relief pattern on the surface of a layer of the said structure and subsequently forming a protective fixing layer on at least part of the said relief pattern and serving to protect the underlying relief pattern during any subsequent processing of the said structure, and thereby also provides for a layered structure, generally comprising a substrate having a relief pattern formed on a surface of the substrate and wherein at least a portion of the said relief has been provided with a protective fixing layer serving to retain the characteristics of the relief pattern during any subsequent processing of the structure such as, for example, when forming a laminate structure with the relief pattern provided therein.

Abstract: A universal computer networking device, in particular an Ethernet switch and the like, comprising a computer networking device having more than one power connection located on the computer networking device, wherein the computer networking device connects to a power source from either a first side or a second side of the computer networking device. Also, a method providing a computer networking device having more than one power connection located on the computer networking device, wherein the computer networking device connects to a power source from either a first side or a second side of the computer networking device, and attaching a power source to a first opening located proximate the first side of the computer networking device or to the second opening located proximate a second side of the computer networking device. Also, a device which contains Copper RJ45 transceiver ports and fiber-optic transceiver ports on the same switch.

Abstract: In order to determine whether arcing is present in an electrical circuit, a sensor signal corresponding to current in said electrical circuit is processed. The sensor signal is filtered to determine the presence of noise in a predetermined frequency range and produce a corresponding filtered signal. The corresponding filtered signal is compared to a reference threshold voltage to generate an output signal potentially indicative of arcing. A selection is made of one from a plurality of available threshold voltages as the reference threshold voltage for use in the comparing operation. The detection operation supports either or both branch feeder arc fault detection and/or series arc fault detection.