Abstract: A computer-implemented process ad methodology that selects collateral instruments such as equipment leases, using mathematical models, based on selection criteria, risk-reward relationships, and maturity needs resulting in the creation of new financial instrument derivatives. These new derivatives allow for creation of secured private equity, public equity, mutual funds and venture capital funds where the investors' principal is safeguarded against loss regardless of the performance of the investments being made. A two-tier investment structure is created whereby the principal amounts from the fund are invested in specially identified high yield vehicles such as residual equipment leases with high yields over certain maturities. The high yield cash flow only is then invested in higher risk investments such as venture capital start-ups companies.

Abstract: A mail server makes use of characteristics of the transport and/or application layer flow (e.g., TCP and SMTP) of received email to determine whether those characteristics are consistent with spam, for example, exhibiting behavior consistent with traffic competing for link access, large round trip times and resource constrained hosts. In some examples, a statistical technique is used to process flow characteristics of a message, optionally with other characteristics of the message, to characterize the message as spam versus a valid message.

Abstract: A computer-implemented process ad methodology that selects collateral instruments such as equipment leases, using mathematical models, based on selection criteria, risk-reward relationships, and maturity needs resulting in the creation of new financial instrument derivatives. These new derivatives allow for creation of secured private equity, public equity, mutual funds and venture capital funds where the investors' principal is safeguarded against loss regardless of the performance of the investments being made. A two-tier investment structure is created whereby the principal amounts from the fund are invested in specially identified high yield vehicles such as residual equipment leases with high yields over certain maturities. The high yield cash flow only is then invested in higher risk investments such as venture capital start-ups companies.

Abstract: A mail server makes use of characteristics of the transport and/or application layer flow (e.g., TCP and SMTP) of received email to determine whether those characteristics are consistent with spam, for example, exhibiting behavior consistent with traffic competing for link access, large round trip times and resource constrained hosts. In some examples, a statistical technique is used to process flow characteristics of a message, optionally with other characteristics of the message, to characterize the message as spam versus a valid message.

Abstract: A computer-implemented process ad methodology that selects collateral instruments such as equipment leases, using mathematical models, based on selection criteria, risk-reward relationships, and maturity needs resulting in the creation of new financial instrument derivatives. These new derivatives allow for creation of secured private equity, public equity, mutual funds and venture capital funds where the investors' principal is safeguarded against loss regardless of the performance of the investments being made. A two-tier investment structure is created whereby the principal amounts from the fund are invested in specially identified high yield vehicles such as residual equipment leases with high yields over certain maturities. The high yield cash flow only is then invested in higher risk investments such as venture capital start-ups companies.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to measure multicast performance over a network is described. A data coordinator coordinated a multicast protocol test between a data sender and a plurality of data receivers. A first shortest path tree is created from an intermediate device to the plurality of data receivers. A second shortest path tree is created from the intermediate device to the data sender. A group shortest path tree is formed including the first shortest path tree and the second shortest path tree to support transmission of test packets from the data sender to the data receivers. The data coordinator receives a test report from each of the data receivers. The data coordinator prepares a loss report using the test reports.