Abstract: The invention is based in part on the discovery that chromosomal disorders such as Down Syndrome can be diagnosed by assessing maternal mitochondrial status. Thus the invention relates to diagnostic and therapeutic methods and related products for chromosomal disorders such as Downs Syndrome, for example, for identifying a risk of fetal Downs Syndrome and methods of mitigating that risk. The methods also are useful for other therapies where it is desirable to manipulate mitochondria such as tissue generation.

Abstract: A layered microstrip device is described, in which at least two layers of different high internal field/high resonance frequency materials serve as the active elements of the device. The device is designed to filter ranges of high frequency electromagnetic waves, and is on a small scale to enable integration with high frequency electronics. The ranges of frequencies to be filtered depend on the active elements and device geometry selected for the device. The tradeoffs regarding active material and device geometry choices are explored in detail. The ranges of frequencies to be filtered can be modified in real time with the application of an external magnetic field. A variety of the devices were fabricated, and a number of experimental and theoretical studies were carried out.