Abstract: Double-ended, hollow core socket wrenches, tooled for either an English or metric size nut and bolt engaging means in one socket cavity and tooled for either the closest English or closest metric equivalent size nut and bolt engaging means in the opposite socket cavity, are designed to engage and turn hexagonal nuts on protruding bolt studs. The first type of double-ended socket has an axially central external hexagonal surface drive engaging portion, raised from its' substantially cylindrical shell portion, so that it can can be driven externally with a single-ended socket wrench drive member, while the second type of double-ended socket, designed with the same outer drive mechanism described for the first type, has in addition, an internal axially central square drive well engaging portion, accessible from either open socket end, by a conventional extension drive rod member.

Abstract: Each of the two hundred sixteen possible numerical combinations of three six-sided dice is visually differentiated, one from the other, by retaining the six differently numbered faces on a conventional first neutral die; coding each of the six differently numbered faces on a second die with separate figure symbols; and coding each of the six numbered faces on a third die with separate colors and five different numbers. One of the faces of the third die repeats the number on one of the other faces of that die. Rolling the set of three dice over an extended period of time will display each of the expected fifteen numerical sums, ranging in values from three through seventeen, in two-hundred-sixteen separate and visually differentiated combinations, each turning up with equal odds of 1 in 216.

Abstract: A visual system illustrates how many identical numerical sums turn up when two numbered dice are rolled out and how the identical numerical sums are visually differentiated, one from the other, by coding each of six numbered faces of a first die and by not coding any of the six numbered faces of a companion neutral second die. Thirty-six possible numerical sums are established when each of the six numbered and coded faces of the first die is oriented on a horizontal axis of a grid and when each of the six numbered faces of the companion neutral second die is oriented on the vertical axis of the grid. Within the thirty-six numerical sums, exists nine separate collective groups of sums, ranging in group values from three to eleven, wherein the identical sums within each collective group are visually differentiated, one from the other. The system affords a practical basis to create a variety of new dice related games, incorporating game boards, playing cards or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A magnetically automated delayed uncoupling system consisting of a knuckle positioned magnet actuated coupler and a parallel outside-the-track magnetic force field which permits use of ferromagnetic train wheels without wobble and provides delayed uncoupling and coupling. The improved system is compatible with hook type couplers when used in combination therewith.