Abstract: In an exemplary process for lower dose rate ion implantation of a work piece, an ion beam may be generated using an ion source and an extraction manipulator. The extraction manipulator may be positioned at a gap distance from an exit aperture of the ion source. A current of the ion beam exiting the extraction manipulator may be maximized when the extraction manipulator is positioned at an optimal gap distance from the exit aperture. The gap distance at which the extraction manipulator is positioned from the exit aperture may differ from the optimal gap distance by at least 10 percent. A first potential may be applied to a first set of electrodes. An x-dimension of the ion beam may increase as the ion beam passes through the first set of electrodes. The work piece may be positioned in the ion beam to implant ions into the work piece.

Abstract: In an exemplary process for lower dose rate ion implantation of a work piece, an ion beam may be generated using an ion source and an extraction manipulator. The extraction manipulator may be positioned at a gap distance from an exit aperture of the ion source. A current of the ion beam exiting the extraction manipulator may be maximized when the extraction manipulator is positioned at an optimal gap distance from the exit aperture. The gap distance at which the extraction manipulator is positioned from the exit aperture may differ from the optimal gap distance by at least 10 percent. A first potential may be applied to a first set of electrodes. An x-dimension of the ion beam may increase as the ion beam passes through the first set of electrodes. The work piece may be positioned in the ion beam to implant ions into the work piece.

Abstract: Semiconductor wafers are sequentially mounted on a holder at one end of an arm which is pivoted about its other end. Each wafer is thereby passed on an arcuate path through a parallel-scanned or continuous ribbon-shaped beam for processing. The pivot axis is parallel to the centroid of the beam trajectories. By pre-orienting the wafers before loading, and by providing a second pivot between the arm and the holder, the angle between the beam and the wafer surface may be precisely adjusted to any arbitrary angle of interest. The geometry is such that this angle is constant over the processed area. Uniform processing requires a scanned ribbon beam to have a non-uniform scan velocity and a continuous ribbon beam to have a non-uniform intensity profile. The required non-uniformity is generated by a suitably shaped collimating magnet.

Abstract: An ion beam scanning method and apparatus produce a parallel, scanned ion beam with a magnetic deflector having, in one instance, wedge-shaped pole pieces that develop a uniform magnetic field. A beam accelerator for the scanned beam has a slot-shaped passage which the scanned beam traverses. The beam scan and the beam traverse over a target object are controlled to attain a selected beam current and corresponding ion dose on a target object. Methods and apparatus are disclosed for increasing ion beam utilization efficiency without adversely effecting dose accuracy.

Abstract: An ion beam scanning method and apparatus produces a parallel scanned ion beam with a magnetic deflector having in one instance wedge-shaped pole pieces that develop a uniform magnetic field. A beam accelerator for the scanned beam has a slot-shaped passage which the scanned beam traverses. The beam scan and the beam traverse over a target object are controlled to attain selected beam current, and correspondingly ion dose, on a target object.