Abstract: A direct current motor having an armature axially supported between magnetic pole plates having opposing pairs of pole shoes extending in interdigital parallel opposition with respect to the periphery of the armature between the pole plates adjacent the armature, is energized by direct current through a pair of coils interposed between and connected with the magnetic pole plates. The respective ends of selected pole shoes are connected with pole plates of like polarity magnetic flux and similarly the remaining of pole shoes are connected at their respective ends with pole plates of opposite polarity magnetic flux density. Wiring and electrical current controls connect a DC source to the coils and armature for providing a maximum torque and speed drive shaft with a minimum of ampere drain from the DC source.

Abstract: A direct current motor having an armature supported between magnetic pole plates having pairs of dual pole shoes extending between the plates in diametric opposition with respect to the periphery of the armature is energized by direct current through a pair of iron coil cores at opposite sides of the armature and connected with the magnetic pole plates. In other embodiments, the magnetic flux pattern facing the armature is longitudinally divided by a groove in the respective pole of the pairs of pole shoes facing the armature. Wiring and electrical current controls connect a DC source to the coils and armature for operating the armature and providing a selected torque with a minimum of ampere drain from the DC source.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell pack consisting for instance of opposite polarity electrodes and alternate interposed separator is spirally wound by (a) attaching a thin flexible leader tab having a folded end to the cell pack, (b) curling the folded end of the leader tab in a spiral manner, (c) bringing a winding mandrel next to the thus formed curl and rotating the mandrel in the direction of the curled tab to thereby uncurl the leader tab and engage its folded end into a peripheral receiving portion of the mandrel, and (d) further rotating the mandrel to form the spiral wound cell pack. The described winding method is particularly suitable for spirally winding under firm stack pressure relatively small diameter cell packs such as may be required in rechargeable alkaline battery cells. The stack pressure achieved by the winding method is maintained by inserting a retainer in the axial void of the cell pack.

Abstract: A multi-layer separator for use in alkaline storage batteries is disclosed. In one aspect of the invention the separator comprises bibulous, non-membranous layers together with a coating of a relatively thin layer of a gelling agent applied to at least one side of one of the bibulous layers. In another aspect of the invention, outer bibulous, non-membranous layers sandwich and are bonded to a semi-permeable membranous layer with an adherent gelling agent to form a high-strength laminated separator.These separators find use in a variety of alkaline galvanic cells, particularly in rechargeable cells such as nickel-cadmium, nickel-zinc, silver-zinc, manganese dioxide-zinc, and similar cells.