Abstract: Methods and apparatus for planning and/or carrying out a total knee replacement surgical procedure on a knee of a leg of a patient are described. Anatomical data for the leg of the patient is obtained, which allows the femoral mechanical axis, the tibial mechanical axis, and the joint line of the knee to be determined. A planned proximal tibial cut angle and a planned distal femoral cut angle are determined. A total knee replacement procedure is carried out on the knee of the patient such that a distal femoral cut is made using the planned distal femoral cut angle and a proximal tibial cut is made using the planned proximal tibial cut angle.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for planning and/or carrying out a total knee replacement surgical procedure on a knee of a leg of a patient are described. Anatomical data for the leg of the patient is obtained, which allows the femoral mechanical axis, the tibial mechanical axis and the joint line of the knee to be determined. A planned proximal tibial cut angle and a planned distal femoral cut angle are determined. A total knee replacement procedure is carried out on the knee of the patient, wherein a distal femoral cut is made using the planned distal femoral cut angle and a proximal tibial cut is made using the planned proximal tibial cut angle.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for planning and/or carrying out a total knee replacement surgical procedure on a knee of a leg of a patient are described. Anatomical data for the leg of the patient is obtained, which allows the femoral mechanical axis, the tibial mechanical axis and the joint line of the knee to be determined. A planned proximal tibial cut angle and a planned distal femoral cut angle are determined. A total knee replacement procedure is carried out on the knee of the patient, wherein a distal femoral cut is made using the planned distal femoral cut angle and a proximal tibial cut is made using the planned proximal tibial cut angle.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for planning and/or carrying out a total knee replacement surgical procedure on a knee of a leg of a patient are described. Anatomical data for the leg of the patient is obtained, which allows the femoral mechanical axis, the tibial mechanical axis and the joint line of the knee to be determined. A planned proximal tibial cut angle and a planned distal femoral cut angle are determined. A total knee replacement procedure is carried out on the knee of the patient, wherein a distal femoral cut is made using the planned distal femoral cut angle and a proximal tibial cut is made using the planned proximal tibial cut angle.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for planning and/or carrying out a total knee replacement surgical procedure on a knee of a leg of a patient are described. Anatomical data for the leg of the patient is obtained, which allows the femoral mechanical axis, the tibial mechanical axis and the joint line of the knee to be determined. A planned proximal tibial cut angle and a planned distal femoral cut angle are determined. A total knee replacement procedure is carried out on the knee of the patient, wherein a distal femoral cut is made using the planned distal femoral cut angle and a proximal tibial cut is made using the planned proximal tibial cut angle.

Abstract: A writing instrument, which has an inner and outer writing element with separate writing medium reservoirs. The writing elements are coaxially mounted in an outer barrel and axially moveable with respect to one another. A driving mechanism may be actuated to allow a user to selectively extend one writing element. The inner and outer writing elements may have an inner sleeve therebetween to improve, for instance, rigidity of the outer writing element and to prevent contamination of the writing medium reservoirs. An outer sleeve may also be provided over the outer writing element. The outer sleeve can function to hold various components of the outer writing element together, and to allow for clean and easy refill of the outer writing element, especially when the outer writing element is a nib-type writing element with a filler-type reservoir. The writing instrument is designed so that a user can replace the inner and/or outer writing elements when their respective writing medium have been expended.

Abstract: A writing instrument, which has an inner and outer writing element with separate writing medium reservoirs. The writing elements are coaxially mounted in an outer barrel and axially moveable with respect to one another. A driving mechanism may be actuated to allow a user to selectively extend one writing element. The inner and outer writing elements may have an inner sleeve therebetween to improve, for instance, rigidity of the outer writing element and to prevent contamination of the writing medium reservoirs. An outer sleeve may also be provided over the outer writing element. The outer sleeve can function to hold various components of the outer writing element together, and to allow for clean and easy refill of the outer writing element, especially when the outer writing element is a nib-type writing element with a filler-type reservoir. The writing instrument is designed so that a user can replace the inner and/or outer writing elements when their respective writing medium have been expended.

Abstract: A writing instrument, which has an inner and outer writing element with separate writing medium reservoirs. The writing elements are coaxially mounted in an outer barrel and axially moveable with respect to one another. A driving mechanism may be actuated to allow a user to selectively extend one writing element. The inner and outer writing elements may have an inner sleeve therebetween to improve, for instance, rigidity of the outer writing element and to prevent contamination of the writing medium reservoirs. An outer sleeve may also be provided over the outer writing element. The outer sleeve can function to hold various components of the outer writing element together, and to allow for clean and easy refill of the outer writing element, especially when the outer writing element is a porous nib with a filler-type writing medium reservoir. The writing instrument is designed so that a user can replace the inner and/or outer writing elements when their respective writing medium have been expended.

Abstract: A fluid dispensing apparatus (10) for dispensing a quantity of fluid (10) from a sealed container (12) onto a device (16) or the like. The apparatus (10) comprises a venting needle (18) having a fluid delivery portion (22) and a contain portion (24), a housing (26), a fluid container (12) contained within the housing (26) and an aperture (28) in the housing (26) for passage of fluid (20) from the container (12) onto a fluid receiving portion (14) of the device (16).

Abstract: A fluid dispensing apparatus (10) for dispensing a quantity of fluid (10) from a sealed container (12) onto a device (16), or the like. The apparatus (10) comprises a venting needle (18) having a fluid delivery portion (22) and a container venting portion (24), a housing (26), a fluid container (12) contained within the housing (26) and an aperture (28) in the housing (26) for passage of fluid (20) from the container (12) onto a fluid receiving portion (14) of the device (16).