Abstract: A process reacts olefins having 4 to 20 carbon atoms and the feed stream used, containing at least linear olefins and branched olefins, is first separated into two streams A and B. Stream A is distilled before the reaction and only the high-boiler phase obtained in this distillation is subjected to the reaction, a heterogeneously catalysed hydroformylation, a homogeneously catalysed hydroformylation or a homogeneously catalysed alkoxycarbonylation.

Abstract: A process reacts dibutene and the feed stream used, containing at least linear isomers and branched isomers of the olefins used, is distilled before the reaction and only the high-boiler phase obtained in this distillation is subjected to the reaction, which is a heterogeneously catalysed hydroformylation, a homogeneously catalysed hydroformylation or a homogeneously catalysed alkoxycarbonylation.

Abstract: A process reacts olefins having 4 to 20 carbon atoms and the feed stream used, containing at least linear olefins and branched olefins, is distilled between two reaction steps and only the high-boiler phase obtained in this distillation is subjected to the second reaction, a heterogeneously catalysed hydroformylation, a homogeneously catalysed hydroformylation or a homogeneously catalysed alkoxycarbonylation.

Abstract: A process reacts C11 to C20 olefins and the feed stream used, containing at least linear isomers and branched isomers of the olefins used, is distilled before the reaction and only the high-boiler phase obtained in this distillation is subjected to the reaction, which is a heterogeneously catalysed hydroformylation, a homogeneously catalysed hydroformylation or a homogeneously catalysed alkoxycarbonylation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the stereoselective hydrogenation of phthalates, to a hydrogenation catalyst and to a hydrogenated phthalate.

Abstract: Described are shoes for ball sports including an upper having an outer surface. An actuator is configured to change at least one surface property of a portion of the outer surface of the upper, and a sensor is configured to be sensitive to movements of the shoe. A processing unit is connected to the actuator and the sensor and configured to process sensor data retrieved from the sensor and to cause the actuator to change the at least one surface property of the portion of the outer surface of the upper if a predetermined event is detected in the sensor data.

Abstract: Provided herein are genetic markers and a coding sequence associated with a low- or ultra-low anatabine trait in tobacco.

Abstract: Lighting systems, methods, and devices for protecting human circadian neuroendocrine function during night use are described. Suitable lighting conditions can be provided for a working environment while protecting the circadian neuroendocrine systems of those occupying the illuminated workplace during the night. Lighting systems, methods, and devices can provide substantive attenuation of the pathologic circadian disruption in night workers. Lighting systems, methods, and devices can attenuate the specific bands of light implicated in circadian disruption. LED lighting systems, methods, and devices can provide increased intensity at a different portion of the spectrum than conventional LEDs, providing a useable white light even when unfavorable portions of the wavelength are attenuated by a notch filter.

Abstract: Described are shoes for ball sports including an upper having an outer surface. An actuator is configured to change at least one surface property of a portion of the outer surface of the upper, and a sensor is configured to be sensitive to movements of the shoe. A processing unit is connected to the actuator and the sensor and configured to process sensor data retrieved from the sensor and to cause the actuator to change the at least one surface property of the portion of the outer surface of the upper if a predetermined event is detected in the sensor data.

Abstract: Platinum complexes having ferrocene ligands for the catalysis of the alkoxycarbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: Process for preparing diphosphites and the compounds used for the preparation.

Abstract: A process isomerizes 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-ene to 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene over a heterogeneous catalyst based on a zeolite or an ion-exchange resin. The process includes providing an input stream containing 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-ene and 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene and performing the isomerization with the input stream using a heterogeneous catalyst based on a zeolite or an ion-exchange resin. A proportion of 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-ene in the total stream is at least 25 mol % based on the total input stream.

Abstract: A process produces a carboxylic acid or salt thereof by hydrolysis or saponification of an ester formed by alkoxycarbonylation of diisobutene. The diisobutene stream used in the alkoxycarbonylation is subjected to a distillation prior to the alkoxycarbonylation in order to enrich 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene in the stream to be alkoxycarbonylated. The alkoxycarbonylation is carried out with an alcohol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst system that comprises at least one metal from group 8 to 10 of the periodic table of the elements or a compound thereof, a phosphorus-containing ligand and an acid.

Abstract: A process provides a tops stream K containing more than 85% by weight of 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene, wherein both an isomerization of 2,4,4-trimethylpont-2-ene to 2,4,4-trimethylpont-1-ene and a distillation to obtain the tops stream K are performed. The isomerization is at least partially fed with the bottoms stream of the distilation where a tops stream K is withdrawn overhead.

Abstract: A process is developed for the alkoxycarbonylation of diisobutene, in which the diisobutene stream used is subjected to a distillation prior to the alkoxycarbonylation in order to enrich 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene in the stream to be alkoxycarbonylated. The alkoxycarbonylation is carried out with an alcohol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst system that comprises at least one metal from group 8 to 10 of the periodic table of the elements or a compound thereof, a phosphorus-containing ligand and an acid.

Abstract: A process produces a target alcohol by hydrogenation of an ester formed by alkoxycarbonylation of diisobutene. The diisobutene stream used in the alkoxycarbonylation is subjected to a distillation prior to the alkoxycarbonylation in order to enrich 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene in the stream to be alkoxycarbonylated. The alkoxycarbonylation is carried out with an alcohol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst system that comprises at least one metal from group 8 to 10 of the periodic table of the elements or a compound thereof, a phosphorus-containing ligand and an acid.

Abstract: A process is developed for the hydroformylation of diisobutene, in which the diisobutene stream used is subjected to a distillation prior to the hydroformylation in order to enrich 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene in the stream to be hydroformylated. The hydroformylation is carried out with synthesis gas in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst system that comprises at least Co or Rh and optionally a phosphorus-containing ligand.

Abstract: A smokeless tobacco composition configured for insertion into the mouth of a user is provided. The smokeless tobacco composition includes a tobacco material and a polysaccharide filler component such as polydextrose. A process for preparing a smokeless tobacco composition pastille configured for insertion into the mouth of a user is also provided. The process includes mixing a tobacco material with a binder and a polysaccharide filler component to form a smokeless tobacco mixture, injection molding the smokeless tobacco mixture, and cooling the smokeless tobacco mixture to form a solidified smokeless tobacco composition pastille. The mixing step can include forming a dry blend of the tobacco, filler, and binder components, and combining the dry blend with a viscous liquid component. The injection-molded pastille can provide a dissolvable and lightly chewable product.

Abstract: Process for preparing an acetal from an olefin using PtI2 or PtBr2.

Abstract: Process for preparing an acetal from an olefin using an iodine-alkyl compound.