Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for preventing or reducing the risk of mortality by any means including, but not limited to, cardiovascular events in mammals, particularly humans, comprising administering a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-IV) inhibitor to the mammal or human. In addition, the present invention relates to methods for preventing or reducing the risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction and/or non-fatal stroke in mammals, particularly humans, comprising administering a DPP-IV inhibitor to the mammal or human.

Abstract: A pump for use in a doll having a transparent front torso through which is viewed simulated internal organs, the pump being connected to coiled transparent tubing for passage therethrough of a liquid-air mixture. The pump has a main body portion with a generally cylindrical recess having a circular surface with a coaxial annular groove in the surface and an arcuate groove disposed radially outwardly from the annular groove. An inlet aperture is disposed radially outwardly from the annular groove and is in fluid communication therewith while an outlet aperture is in fluid communication with the arcuate groove with the two grooves being interconnected by a groove segment. A one-piece diaphragm is provided with a flange adapted to sealingly engage the surface, the diaphragm having a deformable dome-shaped portion extending outwardly from the surfce to form a chamber, the diaphragm having a skirt portion fitting within the annular groove with the skirt having a cutaway portion in proximity to the groove segment.