Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for cooling a reaction effluent gas includes feeding a sufficient amount of a suitable silicon source cooling gas into a stream of the reaction effluent gas, wherein the reaction effluent gas is produced by a thermal decomposition of at least one silicon source gas in a reactor, and wherein sufficient amount of the suitable silicon source cooling gas is defined based a concentration of the at least one chemical species in the reaction effluent gas; cooling the reaction effluent gas to a sufficient temperature so that: the cooled reaction effluent gas is capable of being handled by a material that is not suitable for handling the reaction effluent gas.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a reactor includes a section, wherein at least a portion of the section includes a base layer, wherein the base layer has a first composition that contains a silicide-forming metal element; and a silicide coating layer, wherein the silicide coating layer is formed by a process of exposing, at a first temperature above 600 degrees Celsius and a sufficient low pressure, the base layer having a sufficient amount of the silicide-forming metal element to a sufficient amount of a silicon source gas having a sufficient amount of silicon element, wherein the silicon source gas is capable of decomposing to produce the sufficient amount of silicon element at a second temperature below 1000 degrees Celsius; reacting the sufficient amount of the silicide-forming metal element with the sufficient amount of silicon element, and forming the silicide coating layer.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for cooling a reaction effluent gas includes feeding a sufficient amount of a suitable silicon source cooling gas into a stream of the reaction effluent gas, wherein the reaction effluent gas is produced by a thermal decomposition of at least one silicon source gas in a reactor, and wherein sufficient amount of the suitable silicon source cooling gas is defined based a concentration of the at least one chemical species in the reaction effluent gas; cooling the reaction effluent gas to a sufficient temperature so that: the cooled reaction effluent gas is capable of being handled by a material that is not suitable for handling the reaction effluent gas.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for cooling a reaction effluent gas includes feeding a sufficient amount of a suitable silicon source cooling gas into a stream of the reaction effluent gas, wherein the reaction effluent gas is produced by a thermal decomposition of at least one silicon source gas in a reactor, and wherein sufficient amount of the suitable silicon source cooling gas is defined based a concentration of the at least one chemical species in the reaction effluent gas; cooling the reaction effluent gas to a sufficient temperature so that: the cooled reaction effluent gas is capable of being handled by a material that is not suitable for handling the reaction effluent gas.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a surface of the present invention comprises of at least one base layer, wherein the at least one base layer contains at least one silicide-forming metal element; and at least one silicide coating layer, wherein the at least one silicide coating layer is formed by a process of: i) exposing the at least one base layer having a sufficient amount of the at least one silicide-forming metal element to a sufficient amount of at least one silicon source gas having a sufficient amount of silicon element, ii) reacting the sufficient amount of the at least one silicide-forming metal element with the sufficient amount of silicon element, and iii) forming the at least one silicide coating layer.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for cooling a reaction effluent gas includes feeding a sufficient amount of a suitable silicon source cooling gas into a stream of the reaction effluent gas, wherein the reaction effluent gas is produced by a thermal decomposition of at least one silicon source gas in a reactor, and wherein sufficient amount of the suitable silicon source cooling gas is defined based a concentration of the at least one chemical species in the reaction effluent gas; cooling the reaction effluent gas to a sufficient temperature so that: the cooled reaction effluent gas is capable of being handled by a material that is not suitable for handling the reaction effluent gas.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a reactor includes a section, wherein at least a portion of the section includes a base layer, wherein the base layer has a first composition that contains a silicide-forming metal element; and a silicide coating layer, wherein the silicide coating layer is formed by a process of exposing, at a first temperature above 600 degrees Celsius and a sufficient low pressure, the base layer having a sufficient amount of the silicide-forming metal element to a sufficient amount of a silicon source gas having a sufficient amount of silicon element, wherein the silicon source gas is capable of decomposing to produce the sufficient amount of silicon element at a second temperature below 1000 degrees Celsius; reacting the sufficient amount of the silicide-forming metal element with the sufficient amount of silicon element, and forming the silicide coating layer.

Abstract: A system is described for collecting data records which have been correlated to subscriber, or end user, access network, core network, transport network, and application service information, referred to as end user correlated data records and utilizing those records in a wireless or wireline network to identify and address correctable conditions in a network, such as a wireless or wireline network. The system includes at least one probe in the network which is able to monitor network activity and provide detailed data records on that activity. These data records are sent to a mediation device that correlates those data records with subscriber and/or location data, to create the end user correlated data records. An intelligent application services device takes the end user correlated data records and examines the records to determine if there are any correctable conditions in the network or the end user devices.

Abstract: A method of co-producing activated carbon in a circulating, fluidized bed gasification process includes gasifying carbonaceous fuel in a fluidized bed to form syngas and char, activating the char to form particles of activated carbon, discharging syngas and particulate solids entrained with the syngas from the reactor, separating entrained solids from the syngas with a particle separator and returning at least a portion of the separated solids to the reaction chamber, but allowing a solids product, including activated carbon and having an average size smaller than a predetermined size, to exit the particle separator with the syngas. The solids product is separated from the syngas in a dust separator to form cleaned syngas, and both the cleaned syngas and the solids product are discharged from the gasifier.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and a device for monitoring enablement of an electrical apparatus connected to a power grid. The method consists in: transmitting (A) from a specialised transmitter (ES) to the electrical apparatus (EA) a coded information message comprising an enablement information, in accordance with an enablement control code; and in receiving (B) by means of a receiver (R) equipping the electrical apparatus (EA) said information message. The latter is decoded (C) in accordance with specific enablement data integrated in the receiver (R) to generate decoded enablement data. The enablement of the electrical apparatus (EA) is granted (D, E) if the decoded data are in conformity with the integrated specific enablement data and enablement is refused (D, F) otherwise. The invention is useful for protecting electrical appliances against theft, for managing service delivery on a distant site, monitoring contractual terms.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and a device for monitoring enablement of an electrical apparatus connected to a power grid. The method consists in: transmitting (A) from a specialised transmitter (ES) to the electrical apparatus (EA) a coded information message comprising an enablement information, in accordance with an enablement control code; and in receiving (B) by means of a receiver (R) equipping the electrical apparatus (EA) said information message. The latter is decoded (C) in accordance with specific enablement data integrated in the receiver (R) to generate decoded enablement data. The enablement of the electrical apparatus (EA) is granted (D, E) if the decoded data are in conformity with the integrated specific enablement data and enablement is refused (D, F) otherwise. The invention is useful for protecting electrical appliances against theft, for managing service delivery on a distant site, monitoring contractual terms.