Abstract: A glass container is provided that includes a tube, a circular bottom, and a longitudinal axis. A curved glass heel extends from an outer end the bottom to the first end of the tube. The outer surface has a topography defined by a function ?(x) that is an azimuthal average of a distance between a contact plane and the outer surface at any given position located on a circle having the centre and the radius |x|. The values ? for ?(x) are determined for a plurality of circles the radius of which increases stepwise by 500 ?m starting with a circle around the centre having a radius of 500 ?m. The values ? are determined in a range from x=?0.4×d2/2 to x=+0.4×d2/2, d2 having a size such that at least 4 values ? are determined and can be fitted with a curvature function h ^ ? ( x ) = - c × x 2 1 + 1 - c 2 × x 2 + h 0 .

Abstract: A vehicle system includes a plurality of automated driving system electronic control units (ADS ECUs) configured to determine vehicle motion control (VMC) commands in response to input from one or more vehicle environment sensors and transmit messages including the VMC commands over one or more communication links. An execution authority electronic control unit (EA ECU) is configured with execution authority over one or more VMC commands and is configured to receive, evaluate, and execute a VMC command associated with a received message.

Abstract: A process for preparing a glass container that includes: providing a glass tube with a first portion, a second portion, and a longitudinal axis (Ltube); holding the first portion in a first clamping chuck and the second portion in a second clamping chuck; rotating the glass tube around the longitudinal axis (Ltube); heating, via a heater, the glass tube above a glass transition temperature; separating the first and second portions from one another by pulling apart along the longitudinal axis (Ltube) while the heated glass tube is still rotating by moving the first and the second chucks away from each other; and moving the heater, while moving the first and second chucks away from each other, so that the heater follows a mass that remains at a circular end region of the first and/or second portion.

Abstract: A glass container is provided that includes a tube, a circular bottom, and a longitudinal axis. A curved glass heel extends from an outer end the bottom to the first end of the tube. The two-dimensional distance h(x,y) between a contact plane and the outer surface. The two-dimensional distance is measured in a direction parallel to the axis. The slope magnitude of the outer surface at the given position x,y is given by ?{square root over ((dh/dx)2+(dh/dy)2)}. The 75% quantile of values that have been determined for the term ?{square root over ((dh/dx)2+(dh/dy)2)}×d1/h(xy)delta for all given positions x,y within a circular area having a radius of 0.4×d2/2 and that correspond to the centre is less than 4100 ?m/mm. The adjacent positions x,y increase stepwise by 200 ?m, and h(x,y)delta=h(x,y)max?h(x,y)min, h(x,y)max is a maximum value for h(x,y) and h(x,y)min is a minimum value for h(x,y) being determined in that circular area.

Abstract: Motion artifacts are detected from raw k-space data acquired with a magnetic resonance imaging (“MM”) system. A machine learning model is trained on a training dataset that includes motion-simulated k-space data. The motion-simulated k-space data may be generated by inputting magnetic resonance images to a forward model to convert the images to k-space data while adding motion based on motion parameters. The severity of the simulated motion can be varied, and features of motion artifacts extracted by preprocessing the motion-simulated k-space data. In deployment, the trained machine learning model may be used to detect the presence and/or severity of motion artifacts in k-space data while a subject is being scanned with an MRI scanner.

Abstract: A method of forming a glass vial includes: locally heating one end of a glass tube; removing the locally heated end of the glass tube to form the glass vial having a closed base; and further forming the base of the glass vial, the further forming including generating a purge gas flow within the formed glass vial with the aid of a purge gas.

Abstract: A glass vial includes a base including a boron-containing multicomponent glass and a vial opening and holds a liquid active pharmaceutical ingredient formulation. The glass vial has a total volume of <4.5 mL. A filling level of the glass vial with the active pharmaceutical ingredient formulation is not more than 0.25 and a concentration of boron ions, measured at a measurement site below a plane of a middle of the glass vial using a concentration depth profile at a depth in a range from 10 to 30 nm, has a value, averaged over the measurements of the concentration depth profile, that has an excess increase of not more than 30% compared to a concentration of boron ions measured using a concentration depth profile at a depth in a range from 10 to 30 nm with a measurement site in the plane of the middle of the glass vial.

Abstract: An apparatus for shaping a workpiece made of glass using minimum lubrication is provided. The apparatus includes device for heating the workpiece, a shaping station with at least one forming tool for shaping the workpiece, and at least one spray nozzle for applying an oil as a lubricant onto the surface of the forming tool. The forming tool exhibits heat dissipation such that the temperature on the contact surface of the forming tool during the shaping process is kept below 300° C. The amount of oil dispensed by the spray nozzle per forming step and application instance is less than 0.1 g.

Abstract: A control system for a vehicle includes an engine controller operable to determine a requested engine torque in response to a cruise control set command and a cruise control offset value, determine an engine torque command in response to the requested engine torque and a torque limit, and control operation of an engine in response to the engine torque command. The control system also includes a platooning controller operable to determine and provide to the engine controller the cruise control set command, the cruise control offset value and the torque limit effective to cause the engine controller to control the engine to provide a desired following distance between the vehicle and a second vehicle.

Abstract: A method for controlling alkali emissions of a glass element during hot forming is provided. The method includes the steps of: heating the glass element using one or more burner units each providing a burner flame to provide a heated glass element; sensing light emissions of a total light emitting area of the heated glass element and the burner flame of the one or more burner units via one or more sensor units; providing one or more signals of the one or more sensor units of the light emissions; comparing the one or more signals with one or more reference signals; determining, based on the comparing step, determined alkali emissions of the glass element; and controlling the one or more burner units based on the determined alkali emissions to adjust the alkali emissions of the glass element to a pre-given interval.

Abstract: A glass container is provided that includes a tube, a circular bottom, and a longitudinal axis. A curved glass heel extends from an outer end the bottom to the first end of the tube. The two-dimensional distance h(x,y) between a contact plane and the outer surface. The two-dimensional distance is measured in a direction parallel to the axis. The slope magnitude of the outer surface at the given position x,y is given by ?{square root over ((dh/dx)2+(dh/dy)2)}. The 75% quantile of values that have been determined for the term ?{square root over ((dh/dx)2+(dh/dy)2)}×d1/h(xy)delta for all given positions x,y within a circular area having a radius of 0.4×d2/2 and that correspond to the centre is less than 4100 ?m/mm. The adjacent positions x,y increase stepwise by 200 ?m, and h(x,y)delta=h(x,y)max?h(x,y)min, h(x,y)max is a maximum value for h(x,y) and h(x,y)min is a minimum value for h(x,y) being determined in that circular area.

Abstract: A process for preparing a glass container that includes: providing a glass tube with a first portion, a second portion, and a longitudinal axis (Ltube); holding the first portion in a first clamping chuck and the second portion in a second clamping chuck; rotating the glass tube around the longitudinal axis (Ltube); heating, via a heater, the glass tube above a glass transition temperature; separating the first and second portions from one another by pulling apart along the longitudinal axis (Ltube) while the heated glass tube is still rotating by moving the first and the second chucks away from each other; and moving the heater, while moving the first and second chucks away from each other, so that the heater follows a mass that remains at a circular end region of the first and/or second portion.

Abstract: A glass container is provided that includes a tube, a circular bottom, and a longitudinal axis. A curved glass heel extends from an outer end the bottom to the first end of the tube. The outer surface has a topography defined by a function ?(x) that is an azimuthal average of a distance between a contact plane and the outer surface at any given position located on a circle having the centre and the radius |x|. The values ? for ?(x) are determined for a plurality of circles the radius of which increases stepwise by 500 ?m starting with a circle around the centre having a radius of 500 ?m. The values ? are determined in a range from x=?0.4×d2/2 to x=+0.4×d2/2, d2 having a size such that at least 4 values ? are determined and can be fitted with a curvature function h ^ ? ( x ) = - c × x 2 1 + 1 - c 2 × x 2 + h 0 .

Abstract: A method for thermally treating an annular region of an inner surface of a glass container produced from a borosilicate glass tube is provided. The annular region is disposed at a tubular portion of the glass container and is disposed adjacent to a glass container bottom. The method includes: forming the glass container bottom from the glass tube; heating the annular region of the inner surface of the tubular portion to a treatment temperature TBeh above the transformation temperature TG, wherein the annular region is adjacent to the glass container bottom; maintaining the treatment temperature TBeh for a certain time period; and cooling the glass container to room temperature.

Abstract: A method for controlling alkali emissions of a glass element during hot forming is provided. The method includes the steps of: heating the glass element using one or more burner units each providing a burner flame to provide a heated glass element; sensing light emissions of a total light emitting area of the heated glass element and the burner flame of the one or more burner units via one or more sensor units; providing one or more signals of the one or more sensor units of the light emissions; comparing the one or more signals with one or more reference signals; determining, based on the comparing step, determined alkali emissions of the glass element; and controlling the one or more burner units based on the determined alkali emissions to adjust the alkali emissions of the glass element to a pre-given interval.

Abstract: A glass vial including a boron-containing multicomponent glass includes constituents and is partially filled with a pharmaceutical ingredient formulation having a pH in a range from 5 to 9. The glass vial has a total volume of <4.5 mL, a filling level of the glass vial with the formulation is not more than 0.25, and an inner wall of the glass vial has chemical resistance to leaching-out of at least one of the constituents of the multicomponent glass. A ratio of a concentration of a leached-out constituent at a fill volume of 0.5 mL and a concentration of the leached-out constituent at a fill volume of 2 mL is not more than 3 and a ratio between a concentration of the leached-out constituent at a fill volume of 1 mL and the concentration of the leached-out constituent at a fill volume of 2 mL is not more than 2.

Abstract: A glass vial includes a base including a boron-containing multicomponent glass and a vial opening and holds a liquid active pharmaceutical ingredient formulation. The glass vial has a total volume of <4.5 mL. A filling level of the glass vial with the active pharmaceutical ingredient formulation is not more than 0.25 and a concentration of boron ions, measured at a measurement site below a plane of a middle of the glass vial using a concentration depth profile at a depth in a range from 10 to 30 nm, has a value, averaged over the measurements of the concentration depth profile, that has an excess increase of not more than 30% compared to a concentration of boron ions measured using a concentration depth profile at a depth in a range from 10 to 30 nm with a measurement site in the plane of the middle of the glass vial.

Abstract: A control system for a vehicle includes an engine controller operable to determine a requested engine torque in response to a cruise control set command and a cruise control offset value, determine an engine torque command in response to the requested engine torque and a torque limit, and control operation of an engine in response to the engine torque command. The control system also includes a platooning controller operable to determine and provide to the engine controller the cruise control set command, the cruise control offset value and the torque limit effective to cause the engine controller to control the engine to provide a desired following distance between the vehicle and a second vehicle.

Abstract: Systems and apparatuses include a vehicle locator circuit that is structured to receive GPS signal coordinates and a road parameter associated with the GPS signal coordinates. The vehicle locator circuit is further structured to identify a current road segment associated with the GPS coordinates. A map data circuit is structured to store the road parameter and GPS signal coordinates associated with the current road segment. A route response circuit is structured to determine look-ahead parameters characterizing a future road segment based on input received from the vehicle locator circuit and the map data circuit, and a communication interface is structured to communicate the look-ahead parameters to an engine control module for improving vehicle performance during travel on the future road segment.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of manufacturing a preform (120) from a reinforcement fabric by depositing a first fibre layer (112) and depositing a second fibre layer (114) partially over the first layer before cutting a plurality of preforms from the reinforcement fabric.