Abstract: Laminated glass having an opaque frame area is obtained by laminating at least one film A containing polyvinyl acetal PA and optionally at least one plasticiser WA and at least one film B containing a polyvinyl acetal PB and at least one plasticiser WB between two glass sheets, wherein prior to lamination the amount of plasticiser WA in film A is less than 22% by weight the amount of plasticiser WB in film B is at least 22% by weight and film A comprises at least on one surface a non-transparent region.

Abstract: Laminated glass having an opaque frame area is obtained by laminating at least one film A containing polyvinyl acetal PA and optionally at least one plasticiser WA and at least one film B containing a polyvinyl acetal PB and at least one plasticiser WB between two glass sheets, wherein prior to lamination the amount of plasticiser WA in film A is less than 22% by weight the amount of plasticiser WB in film B is at least 22% by weight and film A comprises at least on one surface a non-transparent region.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for producing a plastic container with a barrier coating comprising a) applying at least one coating layer of a first polyvinyl acetal on at least a part of the plastic container; b) applying at least one coating layer of polyvinyl alcohol on the first polyvinyl acetal layer; c) applying at least one top coating layer of a second polyvinyl acetal on the polyvinyl alcohol layer. The surface of the plastic container may be pre-treated before coating. In addition to the barrier coating, the surface energy of at least a part of the inside surface of the plastic container may be increased by applying at least one inner hydrophilic coating layer.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for producing a plastic container with a barrier coating comprising a) applying at least one coating layer of a first polyvinyl acetal on at least a part of the plastic container; b) applying at least one coating layer of polyvinyl alcohol on the first polyvinyl acetal layer; c) applying at least one top coating layer of a second polyvinyl acetal on the polyvinyl alcohol layer. The surface of the plastic container may be pre-treated before coating. In addition to the barrier coating, the surface energy of at least a part of the inside surface of the plastic container may be increased by applying at least one inner hydrophilic coating layer.

Abstract: A polyvinyl chloride resin composition contains: from 0.005 to 5 parts by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol having a viscosity average degree of polymerization of from 100 to 3000 and having a ratio Mw/Mn of a weight average molecular weight Mw to a number average molecular weight Mn of from 2.2 to 4.9; and from 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of a zinc compound, based on 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride resin. A polyvinyl chloride resin composition is thereby provided that enables to obtain a shaped article thereof excellent in thermal stability while being shaped and less colored.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for reducing the gas permeability of a plastic material by applying a barrier coating on the plastic material comprising the steps a) pre-treatment of at least a part of the plastic material; b) applying at least one coating layer of polyvinyl alcohol on the pre-treated surface and c) applying at least on top coating layer of polyvinyl acetal on the polyvinyl alcohol layer.

Abstract: Different papers known in prior art develop only moderate resistance to fats or contain fluorocarbon compounds or chromium complexes in the mass or in an impregnating liquor in order to develop great fat and oil penetration resistance. Said fluoride or chromium compounds represent substances that are known to be or at least seriously suspected of being unhealthy. Hence, the aim of the invention is to create a paper that is free from unhealthy components while being provided with great fat and oil penetration resistance, being easy to print, and being recyclable.

Abstract: A polyvinyl chloride resin composition contains: from 0.005 to 5 parts by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol having a viscosity average degree of polymerization of from 100 to 3000 and having a ratio Mw/Mn of a weight average molecular weight Mw to a number average molecular weight Mn of from 2.2 to 4.9; and from 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of a zinc compound, based on 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride resin. A polyvinyl chloride resin composition is thereby provided that enables to obtain a shaped article thereof excellent in thermal stability while being shaped and less colored.

Abstract: A polyvinyl chloride resin composition contains: from 0.005 to 5 parts by weight of a vinyl alcohol-based polymer having a degree of saponification of not less than 30 mol % and less than 75 mol % and having a viscosity average degree of polymerization of less than 300; and from 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of a zinc compound, based on 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride resin. A polyvinyl chloride resin composition is thereby provided that is good in thermal stability while being shaped and with which a shaped article of excellent transparency can be obtained.

Abstract: Use of a modified polyvinyl alcohol, obtained by copolymerization of at least on vinyl ester and at least one olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid or the metal salt, anhydride or ester thereof and subsequent partial saponification of the copolymer as co-stabilizer in thermoplastic processable mixtures based on polyvinyl chloride, containing at least one metal ion stabilizer.

Abstract: Acetalized polyvinyl alcohols having a high residual polyvinyl acetate content are suitable as use as dispersing agents in the production of ceramic green films.

Abstract: Substrates, in particular paper, are coated by means of curtain-coating with one or more layers of hydroxyl group-containing polymers, preferably polyvinyl acetals or polyvinyl alcohols without the use of surfactants, wherein the coating composition contains at least one organic solvent. The coatings have a barrier against oil, fat and/or oxygen.

Abstract: The invention relates to modified polymers which contain vinyl alcohol groups and are obtained by reacting some of the vinyl alcohol groups with at least one olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride and then photochemically crosslinking the reaction product.

Abstract: Different papers known in prior art develop only moderate resistance to fats or contain fluorocarbon compounds or chromium complexes in the mass or in an impregnating liquor in order to develop great fat and oil penetration resistance. Said fluoride or chromium compounds represent substances that are known to be or at least seriously suspected of being unhealthy. Hence, the aim of the invention is to create a paper that is free from unhealthy components while being provided with great fat and oil penetration resistance, being easy to print, and being recyclable.

Abstract: Acetalized polyvinyl alcohols having a high residual polyvinyl acetate content are suitable as use as dispersing agents in the production of ceramic green films.

Abstract: A method and device for operating a fuel cell system. The device includes a flowfield plate that includes a header section and a channel section. The header section includes inlet flowpaths and outlet flowpaths, where the inlets formed in the header section are fluidly decoupled from one another, as are the outlets. The channel section is divided into multiple circuits, each dedicated to a corresponding inlet and outlet. The circuits may be of different flow capacities, and may be operated independently of one another, making the device particularly adapted to both full and part-power operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to plastic moulded bodies comprising a substrate layer, a barrier layer and a cover layer. The barrier layer contains polyvinyl alcohol. Said plastic moulded bodies are characterised in that the cover layer comprises compounds which can be cross-linked. The invention also relates to plastic moulded bodies comprising a cross-linked cover layer, a method for the production of the inventive plastic moulded body and the use thereof.

Abstract: Combustion heaters having internal combustion chambers are located adjacent the end cells of a stack of fuel cells to directly, conductively heat the end cells during cold start-up of the stack. Similar heater(s) may also be located within the stack when cold starting under extremely cold conditions. A method of combustion thawing a fuel cell stack is described.

Abstract: A current sensor assembly that monitors current flow through segments of a fuel cell stack. The current sensor assembly includes a first plate including a first non-conductive substrate having a first conductive path therethrough and that is in electrical communication with a first segment of the fuel cell stack. A second plate includes a second non-conductive substrate having a second conductive path therethrough and that is in electrical communication with a second segment of the fuel cell stack. A first current sensor is operably disposed between the first plate and the second plate and facilitates a first current flow between the first conductive path and the second conductive path. The first current sensor generates a first current signal based on the first current flow.

Abstract: A fuel cell system that employs an oxygen sensor for measuring the oxygen concentration in the cathode exhaust gas from the fuel cell stack. A controller provides a signal that drives a compressor providing air to a cathode input of the stack so that the compressor provides the desired oxygen to achieve the desired cathode lambda. In one embodiment, the fuel cell system also employs an airflow meter that measures the amount of air being applied to the compressor. The controller compares the oxygen input applied to the stack to the oxygen output from the stack for diagnostic purposes, such as determining the presence of leaks. A temperature sensor can be employed to measure the temperature of the cathode exhaust and a pressure sensor can be employed to measure the pressure of the cathode exhaust to compensate for water vapor in the cathode exhaust.