Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for the prophylaxis or treatment of an animal for deleterious physiological effects such as systemic hypotension caused by nitric oxide production induced by a biological response modifier. Examples of such biological response modifiers include but are not limited to a cytokine and an endotoxin. The invention is also directed to a method for the treatment of septic shock.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for the prophylaxis or treatment of an animal for deleterious physiological effects such as systemic hypotension caused by nitric oxide production induced by a biological response modifier. Examples of such biological response modifiers include but are not limited to a cytokine and an endotoxin. The invention is also directed to a method for the treatment of septic shock.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for the prophylaxis or treatment of an animal for deleterious physiological effects such as systemic hypotension caused by nitric oxide production induced by a biological response modifier. Examples of such biological response modifiers include but are not limited to a cytokine and an endotoxin. The invention is also direction to a method for the treatment of septic shock.

Abstract: The present invention involves a method for prophylaxis or treatment of an animal for systemic hypotension induced by endotoxin and/or a biological response modifier such as the cytokines, IFN, TNF, IL-1 or IL-2 and the like. The method involves administering, preferably intravascularly, a therapeutically effective amount of dobutamine and an inhibitor of nitric oxide formation from arginine.

Abstract: A method for prophylaxis or treatment of an animal for systemic hypotension induced by internal nitrogen oxide production. The method involves administering a therapeutically effective amount of certain arginine derivatives to inhibit nitrogen oxide formation from arginine. Preferably N.sup.G -substituted arginine or an N.sup.G,N.sup.G -disubstituted arginine (having at least one hydrogen on a terminal guanidino amino group replaced by another atomic species) is administered to an animal possibly developing or already having such induced systemic hypotension. The arginine derivatives are preferably of the L configuration and include pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts. Prophylaxis or treatment of systemic hypotension in a patient which has been induced by chemotherapeutic treatment with biologic response modifiers such as tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-2 may be accomplished. Treatment of an animal for systemic hypotension induced by endotoxin, i.e.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for the prophylaxis or treatment of an animal for deleterious physiological effects such as systemic hypotension caused by nitric oxide production induced by a biological response modifier. Examples of such biological response modifiers include but are not limited to a cytokine and an endotoxin. The invention is also directed to a method for the treatment of septic shock.

Abstract: An anti-hypotensive formulation comprising an essentially arginine-free or low arginine (less than about 0.1%, most preferably, about 0.01%) containing mixture of amino acids is provided. The invention in particular embodiments of the anti-hypotensive formulation includes ornithine, citrulline or both. A method for prophylaxis and treatment of systemic hypotension in an animal is provided. Most particularly, a method for treating hypotension caused by nitric oxide synthesis through administering a low or essentially arginine-free parenteral formulation to an animal, so as to reduce or eliminate nitric oxide synthesis is described. A method for treating an animal in septic shock is also disclosed, comprising administering to the animal an anti-hypotensive formulation comprising a mixture of amino acids, which is essentially arginine free.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for the prophylaxis or treatment of an animal for deleterious physiological effects such as systemic hypotension caused by nitric oxide production induced by a biological response modifier. Examples of such biological response modifiers include but are not limited to a cytokine and an endotoxin. The invention is also directed to a method for the treatment of septic shock. Hemoproteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, hemalbumin and methemalbumin, for example, are useful when administered to a hypotensive patient.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for treating and inhibiting hypotension are provided. A therapeutic regimen useful in the present invention includes an arginine-free parenteral formulation administered concurrently with or followed by an arginine analog. The combination therapy provides an augmentation of the anti-hypotensive effect found by the present inventors with arginine analogs, such as N.sup..omega. -methyl-L-arginine, N.sup..omega. -amino-L-arginine or N.sup..omega. -nitro-L-arginine. These arginine analogs, otherwise described as nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, provide for a decrease in nitric oxide concentrations, and are demonstrated to elicit an increase in blood pressure in vivo, particularly in animals with cytokine and/or endotoxin induced hypotension. The parenteral formulation of the therapeutic regimen and methods of the invention are arginine-free and provide a decrease in plasma arginine levels.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for treating and inhibiting hypotension related to both endotoxin and cytokine-induced shock are provided. A therapeutic regimen useful in the present invention includes an arginine-free parenteral formulation administered with or followed by the administration of an anti-endotoxin antibody, an interleukin-1 or interleukin-2 receptor antagonist, an anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody or a combination thereof. Most preferably, the administration of an arginine-free parenteral formulation augments the anti-hypotensive effect of the various antibodies and antagonist described so as to provide an effective treatment for various forms of hypotension. The therapeutic regimens of the invention are proposed to provide for a decrease in nitric oxide synthase, and thereby an increase in blood pressure in vivo, particularly in animals with cytokine- and/or endotoxin-induced hypotension.

Abstract: The present invention involves a method for prophylaxis or treatment of an animal for systemic hypotension induced by endotoxin and/or a biological response modifier such as the cytokines, IFN, TNF, IL-1 or IL-2 and the like. Said method involves administering, preferably intravascularly, a therapeutically effective amount of dobutamine and an inhibitor of nitric oxide formation from arginine. Although preferable administration is intravascular, it is contemplated that other parenteral administration routes such as intraperitoneal, intramuscular or subdermal injection, for example, may prove useful. Enteral or topical administration of arginine analogs may also prove beneficial under certain clinical conditions.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for the prophylaxis or treatment of an animal for deleterious physiological effects such as systemic hypotension caused by nitric oxide production induced by a biological response modifier. Examples of such biological response modifiers include but are not limited to a cytokine and an endotoxin. The invention is also directed to a method for the treatment of septic shock.

Abstract: An anti-hypotensive formulation comprising an essentially arginine-free or low arginine (less than about 0.1%, most preferably, about 0.01%) containing mixture of amino acids is provided. The invention in particular embodiments of the anti-hypotensive formulation includes ornithine, citrulline or both. A method for prophylaxis and treatment of systemic hypotension in an animal is provided. Most particularly, a method for treating hypotension caused by nitric oxide synthesis through administering a low or essentially arginine-free parenteral formulation to an animal, so as to reduce or eliminate nitric oxide synthesis is described. A method for treating an animal in septic shock is also disclosed, comprising administering to the animal an anti-hypotensive formulation comprising a mixture of amino acids, which is essentially arginine free.

Abstract: A method for treatment of an animal for systemic hypotension induced by internal nitric oxide production caused by endotoxin or cytokines. The method involves administering an .alpha..sub.1 adrenergic agonist and an amount of an inhibitor of nitric oxide formation from argiResearch relating to the development of this invention was supported by the United States Public Health Service grants which gives the United States government certain rights to use of the present invention.

Abstract: A method for prophylaxis of treatment of an animal for systemic hypotension induced by internal nitrogen oxide production. The method involves administering a therapeutically effective amount of certain arginine derivatives to inhibit nitrogen oxide formation from arginine. Preferaby N.sup.G -substituted arginine or an N.sup.G,N.sup.G -disubstituted arginine (having at least one hydrogen on a terminal guanidino amino group replaced by another atomic species) is administered to an animal possibly developing or already having induced systemic hypotension. The arginine derivatives are preferably of the L configuration and include pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts. Prophylaxis or treatment or systemic hypotension in a patient which has been induced by chemotherapeutic treatment with biologic response modifiers such as tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-2 may be accomplished. Treatment of an animal for systemic hypotension induced by endotoxin, i.e.