Abstract: Film thickness measurement systems and methods are provided that utilize a signal generator having a Gunnplexer design and a resonant frequency detector to correlate the shift in resonant frequency experienced by a resonant cavity having one face abutting a test object. The shift is resonant frequency is determinative of a linear or near linear correlation between film thickness and the resonant frequency shift.

Abstract: A method for measuring a thickness of a non-conductive coating on a semi-conductive substrate includes placing a pair of conducting plates in contact with the non-conductive coating. A capacitance value of the non-conductive coating in combination with the semi-conductive component is measured using a capacitance meter. The measured capacitance value of the non-conductive coating in combination with the semi-conductive component is then used to determine an independent capacitance value of the non-conductive coating. The thickness of the non-conductive coating is directly related to the independent capacitance value of the non-conductive coating.

Abstract: Treatment systems for treating flowable food products using electrical pulses to inactivate microbes. Systems described include one or more stages having flow-through processors. The flow-through processors have first and second electrodes which are spaced across a treatment chamber in which an intense electrical field is generated using bipolar electrical pulses. The treatment chamber is temperature stabilized to improve processing and minimize surface buildup on the electrodes. Oversized processor electrodes can be used such as in conjunction with an electrode spacer to provide a treatment zone having a relatively uniform and high electrical field strength.

Abstract: Treatment systems for treating flowable food products using electrical pulses to inactivate microbes. Systems described include one or more stages having flow-through processors. The flow-through processors have first and second electrodes which are spaced across a treatment chamber in which an intense electrical field is generated using bipolar electrical pulses. The treatment chamber is temperature stabilized to improve processing and minimize surface buildup on the electrodes. Oversized processor electrodes can be used such as in conjunction with an electrode spacer to provide a treatment zone having a relatively uniform and high electrical field strength.

Abstract: Treatment systems for treating flowable food products using electrical pulses to inactivate microbes. Systems described include one or more stages having flow-through processors. The flow-through processors have first and second electrodes which are spaced across a treatment chamber in which an intense electrical field is generated using bipolar electrical pulses. The treatment chamber is temperature stabilized to improve processing and minimize surface buildup on the electrodes. Oversized processor electrodes can be used such as in conjunction with an electrode spacer to provide a treatment zone having a relatively uniform and high electrical field strength.