Abstract: A network resource manager is configured to: store a first number of deferrable instances in a record for a first user; store a second number of deferrable instances in a record for a second user; and increase the first number and reduce the second number by an amount when a consideration is transferred from the first user to the second user. The network resource manager is further configured to read in from a deferrable instance a request to transfer program data and/or execution instructions to a computer-based resource of a cloud service provider for execution. If the load on the cloud service provider is high, the manager will transmit a query to the deferrable instance offering to assign an additional deferrable instance to the original deferrable instance if both the original deferrable instance and the additional deferrable instance accept a deferral period for their requests for resources.

Abstract: A network resource manager is configured to read in from a deferrable instance a request to transfer program data and/or execution instructions to a computer-based resource of a cloud service provider for execution. If the load on the cloud service provider is high, the manager will transmit a query to the deferrable instance offering to assign an additional deferrable instance to the original deferrable instance if both the original deferrable instance and the additional deferrable instance accept a deferral period during which neither can make requests for resources.

Abstract: A network resource manager is configured to read in from a deferrable instance a request to transfer program data and/or execution instructions to a computer-based resource of a cloud service provider for execution. If the load on the cloud service provider is high, the manager will transmit a query to the deferrable instance offering to assign an additional deferrable instance to the original deferrable instance if both the original deferrable instance and the additional deferrable instance accept a deferral period during which neither can make requests for resources.

Abstract: A claim on service or service based certificate (SBC) is a new form of currency. The SBC is non-fiat and not tied to a commodity. Rather, SBCs are valued in relation to a value-added resource that grows with economic advancement or other increases in technology. In exemplary embodiments, the SBC is valued with regard to computing power and, as such, increases, decreases or is otherwise altered in value with advancements in computing power. Over any given period of time, the value of an SBC may increase, decrease or remain steady based on advancements in computing power or changes in related financial or economic conditions.

Abstract: A claim on service or service based certificate (SBC) is a new form of currency. The SBC is non-fiat and not tied to a commodity. Rather, SBCs are valued in relation to a value-added resource that grows with economic advancement or other increases in technology. In exemplary embodiments, the SBC is valued with regard to computing power and, as such, increases, decreases or is otherwise altered in value with advancements in computing power. Over any given period of time, the value of an SBC may increase, decrease or remain steady based on advancements in computing power or changes in related financial or economic conditions.

Abstract: Key management and user authentication systems and methods for quantum cryptography networks that allow for users securely communicate over a traditional communication link (TC-link). The method includes securely linking a centralized quantum key certificate authority (QKCA) to each network user via respective secure quantum links or “Q-links” that encrypt and decrypt data based on quantum keys (“Q-keys”). When two users (Alice and Bob) wish to communicate, the QKCA sends a set of true random bits (R) to each user over the respective Q-links. They then use R as a key to encode and decode data they send to each other over the TC-link.

Abstract: Key management and user authentication systems and methods for quantum cryptography networks that allow for users securely communicate over a traditional communication link (TC-link). The method includes securely linking a centralized quantum key certificate authority (QKCA) to each network user via respective secure quantum links or “Q-links” that encrypt and decrypt data based on quantum keys (“Q-keys”). When two users (Alice and Bob) wish to communicate, the QKCA sends a set of true random bits (R) to each user over the respective Q-links. They then use R as a key to encode and decode data they send to each other over the TC-link.

Abstract: Systems and methods that allow for transmitting qubits and classical signal over the same channel of an optical telecommunications network that includes an optical fiber. The method includes sending the qubits of wavelength ?S over a quantum optical path that includes the optical fiber during a time interval ?T0 when there are no classical optical signals of wavelength ?S traveling over the optical fiber. The method also includes sending the classical signals over a classical optical path that includes the optical fiber, wherein the classical signals are sent outside of the time interval ?T0 to avoid interfering with the qubit transmission. Systems and methods for using the present invention to form quantum key banks for encrypting classical signals sent over the optical telecommunications network are also disclosed.