Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide compounds and compositions thereof, which are effective for mitigating tissue damage or lethality induced by an agent, and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for detection of inflammatory disease in a subject that comprises assaying a test sample of peripheral blood from the subject for a marker of DNA damage. An elevated amount of marker present in the test sample compared to control sample is indicative of inflammatory disease activity, including sub-clinical inflammation. The method can be adapted for quantitatively monitoring the efficacy of treatment of inflammatory disease in a subject. Markers of DNA damage include single- and/or double-stranded breaks in leukocytes, oxidative DNA damage in leukocytes, or a marker of nitric oxide oxidative activity (protein nitrosylation in leukocytes). The inflammatory disease can be inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease).

Abstract: The invention provides a method for detection of allergic inflammation in a subject that comprises assaying a test sample of peripheral blood from the subject for a marker of DNA damage. An elevated amount of marker present in the test sample compared to control sample is indicative of inflammation. The method can be adapted for quantitatively monitoring the efficacy of treatment of allergic inflammation in a subject. Markers of DNA damage include single- and/or double-stranded breaks in leukocytes, oxidative DNA damage in leukocytes, or a marker of nitric oxide oxidative activity (protein nitrosylation in leukocytes). This unexpected discovery of markers of systemic genotoxicity present in circulating leukocytes enables detection of allergic inflammation with a relatively simple and minimally invasive assay using peripheral blood.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for detection of inflammatory disease in a subject that comprises assaying a test sample of peripheral blood from the subject for a marker of DNA damage. An elevated amount of marker present in the test sample compared to control sample is indicative of inflammatory disease activity, including sub-clinical inflammation. The method can be adapted for quantitatively monitoring the efficacy of treatment of inflammatory disease in a subject. Markers of DNA damage include single- and/or double-stranded breaks in leukocytes, oxidative DNA damage in leukocytes, or a marker of nitric oxide oxidative activity (protein nitrosylation in leukocytes). The inflammatory disease can be inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease).

Abstract: The invention provides a method for detection of inflammatory disease in a subject that comprises assaying a test sample of peripheral blood from the subject for a marker of DNA damage. An elevated amount of marker present in the test sample compared to control sample is indicative of inflammatory disease activity, including sub-clinical inflammation. The method can be adapted for quantitatively monitoring the efficacy of treatment of inflammatory disease in a subject. Markers of DNA damage include single- and/or double-stranded breaks in leukocytes, oxidative DNA damage in leukocytes, or a marker of nitric oxide oxidative activity (protein nitrosylation in leukocytes). The inflammatory disease can be inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease).

Abstract: A method of radiation-free hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation comprises administering to a mammalian subject one or two doses of 2 to 10 mg/kg body weight of a purine base analog, such as 6TG as a pre-conditioning step. The method further comprises engrafting into the subject hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT)-deficient donor HSCs within 48 to 72 hours of the pre-conditioning step; and administering to the subject about 1 to 5 mg/kg of the purine base analog every two to four days for two to eight weeks following the engrafting step. The method is performed in the absence of pre-conditioning via radiation. The subject is therefore not treated with myeloablative radiation in preparation for transplantation, and thus the subject is free of myeloablative radiation-induced toxicity.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for detection of inflammatory disease in a subject that comprises assaying a test sample of peripheral blood from the subject for a marker of DNA damage. An elevated amount of marker present in the test sample compared to control sample is indicative of inflammatory disease activity, including sub-clinical inflammation. The method can be adapted for quantitatively monitoring the efficacy of treatment of inflammatory disease in a subject. Markers of DNA damage include single- and/or double-stranded breaks in leukocytes, oxidative DNA damage in leukocytes, or a marker of nitric oxide oxidative activity (protein nitrosylation in leukocytes). The inflammatory disease can be inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease).

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide compounds and compositions thereof, which are effective for mitigating tissue damage or lethality induced by an agent, and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for detection of inflammatory disease in a subject that comprises assaying a test sample of peripheral blood from the subject for a marker of DNA damage. An elevated amount of marker present in the test sample compared to control sample is indicative of inflammatory disease activity, including sub-clinical inflammation. The method can be adapted for quantitatively monitoring the efficacy of treatment of inflammatory disease in a subject. Markers of DNA damage include single- and/or double-stranded breaks in leukocytes, oxidative DNA damage in leukocytes, or a marker of nitric oxide oxidative activity (protein nitrosylation in leukocytes). The inflammatory disease can be inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease).

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods, systems, and kits for assaying an agent for mutagenic properties. The methods systems and kits utilize a DEL selectable marker and a colorimetric detection systems. Also included are methods systems and kits that utilize a DEL selectable marker and a regent that detects mitochondrial activity.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for detection of inflammatory disease in a subject that comprises assaying a test sample of peripheral blood from the subject for a marker of DNA damage. An elevated amount of marker present in the test sample compared to control sample is indicative of inflammatory disease activity, including sub-clinical inflammation. The method can be adapted for quantitatively monitoring the efficacy of treatment of inflammatory disease in a subject. Markers of DNA damage include single- and/or double-stranded breaks in leukocytes, oxidative DNA damage in leukocytes, or a marker of nitric oxide oxidative activity (protein nitrosylation in leukocytes). The inflammatory disease can be inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease).

Abstract: A method of selecting for cells in vivo is disclosed. The method includes the steps of providing in vivo cells which are resistant to a selecting substance and cells non-resistant to the selecting substance.

Abstract: A process for screening an agent to determine its effect upon the frequency of genome rearrangement in transgenic mammals. The process comprises the steps of: (a) providing a transgenic mammal into which repeated genetic elements have been inserted into its haploid genome. The repeated genetic elements are sufficiently homologous so that, under ambient conditions, they recombine with each other and give rise to an identifiable genome rearrangement at a rate of at least about 1×10−11 occurrences per cell per generation. In a preferred embodiment the rearrangement can be identified as a phenotypic event or by PCR. The process further comprises (b) exposing at least one of the transgenic mammals to the agent to be tested, thereby providing an exposed mammal and (c) determining the extent of genome rearrangement which exists in a first exposed animal selected from the group consisting of the exposed mammal, its offspring, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process for insertional mutagenesis and genome manipulations of yeast cells. In the first step of this process, viable yeast cells are combined with a restriction enzyme cleaved deoxyribonucleic acid fragment which lacks substantial sequence identity and shows no specific hybridization signals with the DNA of the viable yeast cells. The viable yeast cells are then transformed so that the cleaved deoxyribonucleic acid fragment is incorporated into the yeast cells by nonhomologous recombination; and the transformed yeast cells are then incubated in the presence of a growth medium.

Abstract: A process is described for the screening of an agent to determine its effect on the frequency of genome rearrangement in mammals. In particular, mice harboring a p.sup.un mutation are exposed to an agent of interest and the frequency of genome rearrangement relative to that observed in an unexposed mouse is determined. The relative frequency of rearrangement represents a measure of the effect of the agent on the host animal.

Abstract: Novel dividing cells of the yeast Saccharomyces. A first portion of dividing yeast cells is transformed with DNA encoding superoxide dismutase protein and DNA encoding catalase protein, and a second portion of yeast cells is not transformed with DNA grown at the same cell density as the first portion. When both portions of cells are heated in the presence of oxygen containing gas to a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius and are maintained at such temperature for 20 minutes, at least twice as many cells of the first portion of cells survive.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for screening an agent to determine whether it increases the frequency of genome rearrangement in living matter.In the first step of this process, there is provided viable mammalian cells which comprise repeated genetic elements in their haploid genome. These repeated genetic elements are selected from the group consisting of functional and non-functional genetic elements; and these elements are sufficiently homologous so that, under ambient conditions, they recombine with each other and give rise to an identifiable genome rearrangement.In the second step of this process, the viable mammalian cells are exposed to the agent to be tested. Thereafter, they are incubated in growth medium which, after the exposed cells grow in it, facilitates the identification of those cells which have undergone said genome rearrangement.In the last step of the process, the extent to which the exposed mammalian cells have undergone genome rearrangement is determined.

Abstract: There is provided a process for screening an agent in order to determine whether such agent increases the frequency of genome rearrangement in living matter.In the first step of this process, there is provided a viable species of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast which comprises repeated genetic elements in its haploid genome. These repeated genetic elements are selected from the group consisting of functional and non-functional genetic elements; and these elements are sufficiently homologous so that, under ambient conditions, they recombine with each other and give rise to an indentifiable genome rearrangement which is a deletion.In the second step of this process, the viable species of yeast is exposed to the agent to be tested. Thereafter, it is plated onto a growth medium which, after the exposed yeast species grows upon it, facilitates the identification of those yeast which have undergone said genome rearrangement.