Abstract: A method of generating reference pressures by a pressure generator, which generates a reference pressure according to a mass applied to an end face of a piston using a mobile data processor including the steps of: selecting the standard instrument out of a plurality of standard instruments which are measured as regards characteristic properties and the characteristic properties of which are stored in the form of reference data at a central storage location; connecting the mobile data processor to the central storage location and automatically downloading the reference data of the selected standard instrument and storing the same in the mobile data processor; and for processing the reference data, each applied mass and the local environmental data in the measuring environment into the pressure values assigned to the masses applied in each case as the reference pressures of the standard instrument.

Abstract: For the uniform heating of substrates or surfaces of metallic, mineral, organic or nonmetallic materials an infrared radiation source of at least one elongated tubular radiator is provided, while electrical terminals for supplying the radiator are situated in the cold area of a radiation housing; an infrared radiator with bases at least at both ends is configured as the infrared radiation source, which is situated with its radiating part in a tube chamber (1) with reflective surface which is open in the direction of emission, while the terminal ends of the radiator are each in end chambers (4, 5) closed off from the tube chamber (1) for protection against heating; the infrared radiation source has advantageously a plurality of infrared radiators which are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the direction of emission.