Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing an upgraded bio-oil derived from black liquor, comprising the following steps: —Providing black liquor, which comes from the pulp and paper manufacturing industry; —Subjecting black liquor to a pyrolysis treatment with formation of a pyrolyzed black liquor gas and a solid mass, which comprises char and salts; —Catalytic conversion of said pyrolyzed black liquor gas by contacting at least part of the latter with a bi-metallic modified zeolite catalyst with formation of the upgraded bio-oil, which comprises benzene, toluene, xylene (BTX), naphthalene and non-BTX products.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing isocyanates or polycarbonates comprising the steps of: providing a chlorine stream and carbon monoxide stream; reacting said chlorine stream and said carbon monoxide stream for providing a phosgene stream; cooling the phosgene stream to a temperature at which the phosgene in the phosgene stream is liquid, preferably, to a temperature that is 4° C. less or more than 4° C. less than the boiling point of phosgene, to form a liquid phosgene stream and a gas stream; separating the gas stream and the liquid phosgene stream; removing residual chlorine from the liquid phosgene stream to form a chlorine depleted phosgene stream and reacting the chlorine depleted phosgene stream to form an isocyanate or a polycarbonate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing an aromatic polyisocyanate in an isocyanate plant comprising a reaction section for a phosgenation reaction, wherein a primary aromatic amine is reacted with phosgene compounds in a reaction section to obtain an isocyanate comprising reaction product and wherein CO2 concentration in the gases coming from the reaction section is measured and analyzed, and wherein the conditions in the phosgenation reaction are adjusted in case the CO2 concentration in the gases coming from the reaction section is higher than a background CO2 concentration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing an aromatic polyisocyanate in an isocyanate plant comprising a reaction section for a phosgenation reaction, wherein a primary aromatic amine is reacted with phosgene compounds in a reaction section to obtain an isocyanate comprising reaction product and wherein CO2 concentration in the gases coming from the reaction section is measured and analyzed, and wherein the conditions in the phosgenation reaction are adjusted in case the CO2 concentration in the gases coming from the reaction section is higher than a background CO2 concentration.

Abstract: A process for extracting a phosgene compound, comprising providing a membrane extracting unit comprising at least one extracting cell that comprises at least one membrane contactor module having at least two sides, a gas side and a liquid side; letting an initial gas stream comprising a phosgene compound flow on the gas side of the membrane contactor module; and letting an extractant liquid stream, suitable for dissolving a phosgene compound, flow on the liquid side of the membrane contactor module so that the extractant liquid stream absorbs the phosgene compound from the initial gas stream and provides a second extractant liquid stream enriched with the phosgene compound.

Abstract: A process for extracting a phosgene compound, comprising providing a membrane extracting unit comprising at least one extracting cell that comprises at least one membrane contactor module having at least two sides, a gas side and a liquid side; letting an initial gas stream comprising a phosgene compound flow on the gas side of the membrane contactor module; and letting an extractant liquid stream, suitable for dissolving a phosgene compound, flow on the liquid side of the membrane contactor module so that the extractant liquid stream absorbs the phosgene compound from the initial gas stream and provides a second extractant liquid stream enriched with the phosgene compound.

Abstract: A process for providing methylene-bridged polyphenyl polyamines from aniline and formaldehyde according to the invention comprises the subsequent steps of a) condensing aniline and formaldehyde; b) reacting, in a first catalytic reaction step, said condensate over a solid catalyst, whereby an intermediate mixture is provided; c) converting, in a subsequent catalytic reaction step, said intermediate mixture into methylene-bridged polyphenyl polyamines in presence of a subsequent solid catalyst, thereby providing said methylene-bridged polyphenyl polyamines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing isocyanates from an amine compound. The process comprises the steps of a) Providing chlorine; b) Providing carbon monoxide; c) Reacting said chlorine and said carbon monoxide for providing phosgene, the carbon monoxide being provided in an adjustable molar excess; d) Providing an amine compound and phosgenating said amine compound using said phosgene thereby providing said isocyanate; the process further comprises adjusting said adjustable molar excess, i.e. the molar excess of carbon monoxide, for adjusting the color of the isocyanate.

Abstract: Process for the simultaneous and continuous production of two different mixtures of predominantly 4,4?-MDI and 2,4?-MDI in a single-step suspension melt crystallisation process whereby a mixed diisocyanate feed stream [MIx] is used to produce simultaneously two mixed diisocyanate streams [MIy] and [MIz] wherein x=80 to 92, y=97 to 99 and z=60 to 80 preferably x=82 to 88, y=97.2 to 98.5 and z=63 to 70 where x, y and z are percentages by weight of the 4,4?-MDI isomer contained in the diisocyanate isomer mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of di- and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series, and to the preparation of di- and polyisocyanates of the diphenylmethane series from these di- and polyamines. The di- and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series are prepared by the reaction of aniline and formaldehyde in the presence of hydrochloric acid. In the present invention, the formaldehyde employed is used as an aqueous solution which contains less than 0.001 wt % of metal ions which are divalent and/or more than divalent.

Abstract: A process for providing methylene-bridged polyphenyl polyamines from aniline and formaldehyde according to the invention comprises the subsequent steps of a) condensing aniline and formaldehyde, providing a condensate, the molar ratio of aniline to formaldehyde being chosen in the range of 2 to 3.5; b) reacting, in a first catalytic reaction step, at a reaction temperature within the range of about 30° C. to about 100° C., said condensate over a solid catalyst being chosen from the group consisting of clays, silicates, silica-aluminas and ion exchange resins, whereby an intermediate mixture is provided, the intermediate mixture comprising amino benzyl amines; c) converting, in a subsequent catalytic reaction step, at a temperature within the range of about 70° C. to about 250° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing isocyanates from an amine compound. The process comprises the steps of a) Providing chlorine; b) Providing carbon monoxide; c) Reacting said chlorine and said carbon monoxide for providing phosgene, the carbon monoxide being provided in an adjustable molar excess; d) Providing an amine compound and phosgenating said amine compound using said phosgene thereby providing said isocyanate; the process further comprises adjusting said adjustable molar excess, i.e. the molar excess of carbon monoxide, for adjusting the colour of the isocyanate.

Abstract: Process for the simultaneous and continuous production of two different mixtures of predominantly 4,4?-MDI and 2,4?-MDI in a single-step suspension melt crystallisation process whereby a mixed diisocyanate feed stream [MIx] is used to produce simultaneously two mixed diisocyanate streams [MIy and MIz] wherein x=80 to 92, y=97 to 99 and z=60 to 80 preferably x=82 to 88, y=97.2 to 98.5 and z=63 to 70 where x, y and z are percentages by weight of the 4,4?-MDI isomer contained in the diisocyanate isomer mixture.

Abstract: Polyisocyanate composition for binding lignocellulosic materials comprising a methylene bridged polyphenyl polyisocyanate composition having a having a relative content of minor trifunctional isocyanate isomers of at least 17 wt % based on the total trifunctional isocyanate content.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of polyaromatic polyamines comprising the step of reacting formaldehyde with at least one monoaromatic monoamine and at least one monoaromatic compound containing at least two amino functions in the presence of an acidic catalyst where a) the total amount of di-aromatic compounds in the polyaromatic polyamine mixture is in the range from about 25 wt % to about 50 wt % and b) the amount of monoaromatic compound containing at least two amine functions is in the range 5 to 30 mole % relative to 100 mole % of the total amount of monoaromatic monoamines and c) the amount of acidic catalyst used in the preparation of the polyaromatic polyamine mixture is less than about 0.4 moles per mole of formaldehyde or formaldehyde equivalents.

Abstract: Process for preparing diamino diphenyl methane and poly-(diamino diphenyl methane) comprising reacting aniline with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrogen chloride added in the gaseous form wherein the aniline contains 0.1 to 7 wt %, preferably 2 to 5 wt % of a protic chemical, preferably water.

Abstract: A process for converting tryptophan into kynurenine. The conversion of tryptophan into kynurenine is carried out by irradiating a substance comprising tryptophan with electromagnetic radiation comprising waves with wavelength in the range of 10 nanometer to 750 nanometer.

Abstract: Process for the production of di- and poly(diamino diphenyl methane) comprising the steps of (a) reacting aniline and formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce a reaction mixture containing di- and polyamines; (b) neutralising the reaction mixture containing di- and polyamines; (c) separating the neutralised reaction mixture into an organic phase containing di- and polyamines and an aqueous phase; (d) further treating the organic phase separated off in step (c) by (d1) washing with water followed by (d2) separating the washed mixture into an organic phase and an aqueous phase and (d3) further fractionation of the organic phase to produce purified di- and polyamines on the one hand and aniline/water on the other hand; (e) further treating the aqueous phase separated off in step (c) by (e1) washing with aniline followed by (e2) separating the washed mixture into an aqueous phase and an organic phase and (e3) further treatment of the aqueous phase to remove the aniline thereby leaving an efflue

Abstract: Process for the synthesis of non cyclic carbamate derivatives from amine compounds, alcohols and CO2 in the presence of ionic liquids and optionally in the presence of a base.

Abstract: Process for preparing diamino diphenyl methane and poly-(diamino diphenyl methane) comprising reacting aniline with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrogen chloride added in the gaseous form wherein the aniline contains 0.1 to 7 wt %, preferably 2 to 5 wt % of a protic chemical, preferably water.