Abstract: A granule comprising: sodium butyrate particles, a fatty material matrix comprising fatty acids encapsulating the sodium butyrate particles, the granule preserving its morphology following gastric and enteric digestion simulation in vitro tests, the granule featuring a gastric resistance conferring protection on the sodium butyrate particles in the stomach, and featuring a sustained release of the sodium butyrate particles in the intestinal tract.

Abstract: A combination of at least vitamin A and an antioxidant agent having a mixture of carnosic acid and carnosol, the carnosic acid content of the antioxidant agent being 50-98% by weight relative to the weight of the antioxidant agent. A formulation containing such a combination and the use of this combination is also related.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid from homoserine includes a first step of conversion of the primary amino group of homoserine to a carbonyl group to obtain 2-oxo-4-hydroxybutyrate, and a second step of reduction of the obtained 2-oxo-4-hydroxybutyrate (OHB) to 2,4-dihydroxybutyrate.

Abstract: A method for preparing a compound of formula (I) in which R1 is selected from H and alkyls, R2 is selected from H, alkyls, OR? where R? is selected from alkyls, silyls, CO-alkyl, R3 is selected from the acyl groups of the CO(R?) type, and the CO(OR?), CO(NR?R??), PO(OR?)(OR??), PO(OR?)(R??) groups where R? and R??, independently of each other, are selected from H and alkyls, R represents a C(R4)?C(R5)(R6) group where R4, R5 and R6, independently of each other, are selected from H, linear or cyclic alkyls and alkenyls, aryls, alkylaryls, or R4 and R5 together form a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted ring, from a compound of formula (II) or a compound of formula (III) in which, R, R1, R2 and R3 have the above definition.

Abstract: A method for preparing dehydro-cyclofarnesal from dehydro-farnesal by cyclization in the presence of an acid may include the dehydro-farnesal being obtained from the farnesal by dehydrogenation and may further includes the cyclization being carried out in the presence of an acid selected from Lewis acids, Bronstedt acids, and zeolites. The synthesis of vitamin A using this method further includes the conversion of dehydro-cyclofarnesal into vitamin A.

Abstract: A method for preparing dehydro-cyclofarnesal from dehydro-farnesal by cyclization in the presence of an acid may include the dehydro-farnesal being obtained from the farnesal by dehydrogenation and may further includes the cyclization being carried out in the presence of an acid selected from Lewis acids, Bronstedt acids, and zeolites. The synthesis of vitamin A using this method further includes the conversion of dehydro-cyclofarnesal into vitamin A.

Abstract: A method for preparing a compound of formula (I) in which R1 is selected from H and alkyls, R2 is selected from H, alkyls, OR? where R? is selected from alkyls, silyls, CO-alkyl, R3 is selected from the acyl groups of the CO(R?) type, and the CO(OR?), CO(NR?R??), PO(OR?)(OR??), PO(OR?)(R??) groups where R? and R??, independently of each other, are selected from H and alkyls, R represents a C(R4)?C(R5)(R6) group where R4, R5 and R6, independently of each other, are selected from H, linear or cyclic alkyls and alkenyls, aryls, alkylaryls, or R4 and R5 together form a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted ring, from a compound of formula (II) or a compound of formula (ill) in which, R, R1, R2 and R3 have the above definition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing a compound (I) or one of the salts thereof, and the uses of said method, R1OOC—C(?X)—CHR2R3(I), wherein X is selected among O; N—R?, wherein R? is H or a C1-C6 alkyl; and N—OR? wherein R? is H, or a C1-C6 alkyl or an alkylaryl; R1 is H or a C1-C6 alkyl group; R2 is H, a C1-C6 alkyl, or an alkylaryl; and R3 is CH2SR4 or CH2SeR4, where R4 is H or a C1-C6 alkyl from a compound (II), or one of the salts thereof, R1OOC—C(?X)—CHR2R5 and R5 is H or COOR6, where R6 is H or a C1-C6 alkyl, said method being carried out in the presence of a compound (III) CH2(Y)(Z).

Abstract: A method for the preparation of 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid from homoserine includes a first step of conversion of the primary amino group of homoserine to a carbonyl group to obtain 2-oxo-4-hydroxybutyrate, and a second step of reduction of the obtained 2-oxo-4-hydroxybutyrate (OHB) to 2,4-dihydroxybutyrate.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid from homoserine includes a first step of conversion of the primary amino group of homoserine to a carbonyl group to obtain 2-oxo-4-hydroxybutyrate, and a second step of reduction of the obtained 2-oxo-4-hydroxybutyrate (OHB) to 2,4-dihydroxybutyrate.

Abstract: A method of producing 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid (2,4-DHB) by a synthetic pathway that includes transforming malate into 4-phospho-malate using a malate kinase, then transforming 4-phospho-malate into malate-4-semialdehyde using a malate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, and then transforming malate-4-semialdehyde into 2,4-DHB using a DHB dehydrogenase.

Abstract: Disclosed are pulverulent compositions of a complex between an acid and a metal, having a high organosulfur compound content, and method for preparing same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing an olefine, a diene or a polyene, by catalytic conversion of at least one alcohol having a carbon chain of at least three carbon atoms and different from propan-2-ol, in the presence of at least one catalyst based of at least one phosphate of a metal or several metals M, M being chosen from among the 15 lanthanides (Lanthanum, Cerium, Praseodymium, Neodymium, Promethium, Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, Lutetium), Yttrium, Scandium and Boron, and the applications of this method.

Abstract: Disclosed are pulverulent compositions of a complex between an acid and a metal, having a high organosulfur compound content, and method for preparing same.

Abstract: Pulverulent compositions of a complex between an acid and a metal form an at least partially spherical particle. The acid is selected from 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-thiobutanoic acid (HMTBA), methionine, aspartic acid, the alginic acids, the pectinic acids, and the corresponding anions, in particular 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-thiobutanoate, methioninate, aspartate, the alginates and the pectinates. The metal is divalent or trivalent. The particle has an amorphous fraction the mass of which represents at least 50% of the total mass of the particle. The particle is substantially devoid of uncomplexed acid or anion and of uncomplexed metal or metal cation.

Abstract: A method of producing 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid (2,4-DHB) by a synthetic pathway that includes transforming malate into 4-phospho-malate using a malate kinase, then transforming 4-phospho-malate into malate-4-semialdehyde using a malate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, and then transforming malate-4-semialdehyde into 2,4-DHB using a DHB dehydrogenase.

Abstract: A method of producing 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid (2,4-DHB) by a synthetic pathway that includes the transforming malate in 4-phospho-malate using a malate kinase, said 4-phospho-malate being transformed in malate-4-semialdehyde using a malate semialdehyde dehydrogenase and said malate-4-semialdehyde being transformed in 2,4-DHB using a DHB dehydrogenase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing an olefine, a diene or a polyene, by catalytic conversion of at least one alcohol having a carbon chain of at least three carbon atoms and different from propan-2-ol, in the presence of at least one catalyst based of at least one phosphate of a metal or several metals M, M being chosen from among the 15 lanthanides (Lanthanum, Cerium, Praseodymium, Neodymium, Promethium, Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, Lutetium), Yttrium, Scandium and Boron, and the applications of this method.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid from homoserine includes a first step of conversion of the primary amino group of homoserine to a carbonyl group to obtain 2-oxo-4-hydroxybutyrate, and a second step of reduction of the obtained 2-oxo-4-hydroxybutyrate (OHB) to 2,4-dihydroxybutyrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pulverulent compositions of a complex between an acid and a metal and the method of preparation thereof.