Abstract: A mapping and analysis system generates agricultural maps and analyzes the agricultural maps to match farm inputs of a farming field to current soil and vegetation characteristics to optimize the productivity of the farming field. The mapping and analysis system includes an air-based device for generating spectral image data related to at least one of vegetation stress and soil characteristics for a portion of the farming field. A position device generates position data related to the position of said air-based device with respect to said portion of the farming field. A georeferencing device synchronizes said position data with said spectral image data to generate georeferenced spectral image data. A database is generated using the georeferenced data to monitor and analyze the farming field for a growing season to improve productivity thereof.