Abstract: A method of directing energy to tissue includes the steps of providing a handheld device including an energy applicator and a handle assembly configured to support the energy applicator at a distal end thereof, and transmitting energy from an output of a microwave amplifier unit disposed within the handle assembly through the energy applicator to tissue.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes a first layer stack and a second layer stack coupled to the first layer stack. The first layer stack includes a first electrically-insulating layer, a first electrically-conductive layer, and a cut-out area defining a void that extends therethrough. The first electrically-insulating layer includes a first surface and an opposite second surface. The first electrically-conductive layer is disposed on the first surface of the first electrically-insulating layer. The second layer stack includes a second electrically-insulating layer. The second electrically-insulating layer includes a first surface and an opposite second surface. One or more electrically-conductive traces are disposed on the first surface of the second electrically-insulating layer. The printed circuit board further includes a device at least partially disposed within the cut-out area.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator includes an RF output stage, a DC blocking capacitor, a measuring circuit, and a sensor circuit. The RF output stage generates electrosurgical energy for application to an active electrode. The DC blocking capacitor is electrically coupled between the RF output stage and the active electrode. The measuring circuit is coupled to the DC blocking capacitor and measures the voltage across the DC blocking capacitor. The sensor circuit determines the current of the electrosurgical energy as a function of the voltage across the DC blocking capacitor.

Abstract: A microwave ablation system includes an energy source adapted to generate microwave energy and a power splitting device having an input adapted to connect to the energy source and a plurality of outputs. The plurality of outputs are configured to be coupled to a corresponding plurality of energy delivery devices. The power splitting device is configured to selectively divide energy provided from the energy source between the plurality of energy devices.

Abstract: A medical device includes a handle assembly including a distal end, a probe extending distally from the distal end of the handle assembly, and a microwave amplifier unit disposed within the handle assembly. The microwave amplifier unit is adapted to amplify a high-frequency input signal to generate a high-frequency output signal to be transmitted to the probe.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes a first layer stack and a second layer stack coupled to the first layer stack. The first layer stack includes a first electrically-insulating layer, a first electrically-conductive layer, and a cut-out area defining a void that extends therethrough. The first electrically-insulating layer includes a first surface and an opposite second surface. The first electrically-conductive layer is disposed on the first surface of the first electrically-insulating layer. The second layer stack includes a second electrically-insulating layer. The second electrically-insulating layer includes a first surface and an opposite second surface. One or more electrically-conductive traces are disposed on the first surface of the second electrically-insulating layer. The printed circuit board further includes a device at least partially disposed within the cut-out area.

Abstract: A return electrode monitoring (“REM”) system is disclosed. The REM system includes a return electrode pad having a pair of split electrode pads and a detection circuit coupled to the pair of split electrode pads. The detection circuit and the pair of split electrode pads are adapted to resonate across a predetermined resonance range. The REM system also includes a controller coupled to the detection circuit and configured to provide a sweeping drive signal to the detection circuit across the resonance range. The detection circuit generates a drive signal in response to the sweeping drive signal and the controller determines a complex impedance across the at least one pair of split electrode pads as a function of the drive signal.

Abstract: A multi-layer printed circuit board includes a first layer stack and a second layer stack coupled to the first layer stack. The first layer stack includes a first electrically-insulating layer, a second electrically-insulating layer, and a first electrically-conductive layer disposed between the first and second electrically-insulating layers. The second layer includes a third electrically-insulating layer and a second electrically-conductive layer. The first layer stack and/or the second layer stack include a cut-out area defining a void that extends therethrough.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a medical device includes the initial steps of providing a handle assembly and providing a microwave-signal-amplifying module. The handle assembly includes a handle body defining a chamber therein. The handle body is configured to support an energy applicator at the distal end thereof. The microwave-signal-amplifying module includes a microwave amplifier unit adapted to amplify a high-frequency input signal to generate a high-frequency output signal. The microwave-signal-amplifying module includes one or more connector portions including one or more electrical connectors adapted to be removeably coupleable to one or more electrical conductors associated with the handle body. The method also includes the step of positioning the microwave-signal-amplifying module into the chamber to bring the one or more electrical connectors of the one or more connector portions into electrical engagement with one or more electrical connectors associated with the handle body.

Abstract: A return electrode monitoring (REM) system for an electrosurgical system is disclosed. The REM system includes circuit components or circuitry for monitoring the magnitude of an interrogation or drive signal, and one or more electrode pads including one or more pairs of split electrode pads. The REM system, while sweeping an interrogation signal over or across a frequency range, monitors the magnitude of the interrogation signal. The REM system determines if there is a frequency shift in the interrogation signal. If there is a frequency shift, the REM system determines the frequency shift and uses it to calculate a reactance value of the impedance. The complex impedance can then be determined. The complex impedance, or at least the reactance value, can be used to determine the capacitive coupling between the patient and pad interface.

Abstract: Systems and corresponding methods for determining characteristics of an output signal generated by a high-frequency medical device using low-frequency measurement systems are disclosed. A digital measurement system includes an oscillator, a mixer, and a controller coupled to each other. The oscillator provides a reference signal having a second frequency. The mixer generates a down-converted signal based on the output signal and the reference signal. The controller then determines a characteristic of the output signal (e.g., frequency or phase) based on the down-converted signal. An analog measurement system includes a filter having a center frequency, a rectifier, and a controller. The filter filters the output signal and the rectifier rectifies the filtered signal. The controller samples the rectified signal and determines a characteristic of the output signal based on the level of the rectified signal.

Abstract: A system is provided. The system includes an electrosurgical generator configured to measure, collect and record data pertaining to a characteristic of tissue as the tissue is being electrosurgically treated. A tuner configured to couple to the electrosurgical generator includes a tuning circuit providing a load having a variable complex impedance for the electrosurgical generator when the electrosurgical generator is connected thereto. A controller including stored data pertaining to impedance values is in operable communication with the electrosurgical generator for retrieving the recorded data pertaining to the characteristic of tissue. The controller is in operable communication with the tuner for varying a complex impedance of the load. The controller configured to compare the recorded data pertaining to the at least one characteristic of tissue with the stored data pertaining to the plurality of impedance values and to adjust the tuner to one of the plurality of impedance values.

Abstract: An microwave ablation system includes a generator including a first energy source, a second energy source and a diplexer, the diplexer multiplexes a first energy from the first energy source and a second energy from the second energy source. The system also includes a cable including a center conductor and an outer sheath where the multiplexed energy is transmitted through the center conductor. In addition an antenna is provided that is operable to receive the multiplexed energy from the center conductor and to deliver the multiplexed energy to a region of tissue. The outer sheath acts as a return path of the second energy to the second energy source. A sensor is also provided that measures at least one parameter of the second energy generated by the second energy source and the second energy returned from the region of tissue.

Abstract: An AC active load device for use with a generator and a controller to supply a variable impedance when supplied with an AC waveform. The AC active load device uses a transformer and one or more transistors to generate an average max load impedance greater than 1000 ohms over varying voltage levels. The transistor functions as a dynamically-controlled resistor to the generator when the generator supplies the AC voltage to the transformer. The transistors may be GaN FETs or LDMOSFETs. The transformer steps down a voltage supplied by a generator to a voltage below the threshold voltage of the transistors. A control voltage is supplied to the gate of the transistors and may be controlled by a controller. A voltage and current are outputted to the controller from the AC active load device. The AC active load device may be used to calibrate the generator.

Abstract: An electrosurgical system includes an electrosurgical power generating source, an energy applicator operably associated with the electrosurgical power generating source, a processor unit, and a data acquisition module configured to receive a reflected signal. The processor unit is disposed in operative communication with the data acquisition module and adapted to determine a tissue desiccation rate around at least a portion of the energy applicator based on one or more signals received from the data acquisition module.

Abstract: An electrosurgical forceps is provided and includes a housing, a shaft and a pair of opposing first and second jaw members. Each jaw member including a pair of spaced apart, electrically conductive tissue sealing surfaces adapted to connect to a source of electrosurgical energy such that the tissue sealing surfaces are capable of conducting electrosurgical energy through tissue held therebetween to effect a seal. One or both of the first and second jaw members includes an electrically conductive cutting element disposed thereon. A switch assembly operably disposed on the housing includes an activation member in operable communication with the source of electrosurgical energy for supplying electrosurgical energy to the first and second jaw members. Activation of the activation member provides electrosurgical energy to the tissue sealing surfaces for sealing tissue and electrosurgical energy to the cutting element for cutting the sealed tissue.

Abstract: An electrosurgical system for performing an electrosurgical procedure is provided and includes an electrosurgical generator and a calibration computer system. The electrosurgical generator includes one or more processors and a measurement module including one or more log amps that are in operative communication with the processor. The calibration computer system configured to couple to a measurement device and is configured to measure parameters of an output signal generated by the electrosurgical generator. The calibration computer system is configured to compile the measured parameters into one or more data look-up tables and couple to the electrosurgical generator for transferring the data look-up table(s) to memory of the electrosurgical generator. The microprocessor is configured to receive an output from the log amp(s) and access the data look-up table(s) from memory to execute one or more control algorithms for controlling an output of the electrosurgical generator.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an ablation system. The ablation system includes a generator having a first energy source that supplies a first type of energy to tissue. The generator also has a second energy source that supplies a second type of energy to tissue different from the first type of energy. A diplexer is also provided that is operable to multiplex the first type of energy from the first energy source and the second type of energy from the second energy source and provide an output to an ablation device. Additionally, the generator includes a first isolation device coupled to the first energy source and the diplexer, and a second isolation device coupled to the second energy source and the diplexer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a printed circuit board includes the steps of providing a first layer stack including a first electrically-conductive layer and a first electrically-insulating layer and providing a second layer stack including a second electrically-insulating layer. The first electrically-conductive layer is disposed on the first surface of the first electrically-insulating layer. The second electrically-insulating layer includes one or more electrically-conductive traces disposed on a first surface thereof. The method also includes mounting a device on the first surface of the second electrically-insulating layer such that the device is electrically-coupled to at least one of the one or more electrically-conductive traces, and providing the first layer stack with a cut-out area defining a void that extends from the second surface of the first electrically-insulating layer to the first surface of the first electrically-conductive layer.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes a first layer stack and a second layer stack coupled to the first layer stack. The first layer stack includes a first electrically-insulating layer, a first electrically-conductive layer, and a cut-out area defining a void that extends therethrough. The first electrically-insulating layer includes a first surface and an opposite second surface. The first electrically-conductive layer is disposed on the first surface of the first electrically-insulating layer. The second layer stack includes a second electrically-insulating layer. The second electrically-insulating layer includes a first surface and an opposite second surface. One or more electrically-conductive traces are disposed on the first surface of the second electrically-insulating layer. The printed circuit board further includes a device at least partially disposed within the cut-out area.