Abstract: This invention relates to copper wire having a substantially uniform unoriented grain structure that is essentially columnar grain free. This invention also relates to a process for making copper wire comprising: cutting copper foil to form at least one strand of copper wire, said copper foil being an annealable electrodeposited copper foil having a substantially uniform unoriented grain structure that is essentially columnar grain free, said foil being characterized by a fatigue ductility of at least about 25% after being annealed at 177.degree. C. for 15 minutes; and shaping said strand of wire to provide said strand with desired cross-sectional shape and size.

Abstract: This invention relates to copper wire having a substantially uniform unoriented grain structure that is essentially columnar grain free. This invention also relates to a process for making copper wire comprising: cutting copper foil to form at least one strand of copper wire, said copper foil being an annealable electrodeposited copper foil having a substantially uniform unoriented grain structure that is essentially columnar grain free, said foil being characterized by a fatigue ductility of at least about 25% after being annealed at 177.degree. C. for 15 minutes; and shaping said strand of wire to provide said strand with desired cross-sectional shape and size.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making a shaped copper article directly from a copper-bearing material, comprising: (A) contacting said copper-bearing material with an effective amount of at least one aqueous leaching solution to dissolve copper ions into said leaching solution and form a copper-rich aqueous leaching solution; (B) contacting said copper-rich aqueous leaching solution with an effective amount of at least one water-insoluble extractant to transfer copper ions from said copper-rich aqueous leaching solution to said extractant to form a copper-rich extractant and a copper-depleted aqueous leaching solution; (C) separating said copper-rich extractant from said copper-depleted aqueous leaching solution; (D) contacting said copper-rich extractant with an effective amount of at least one aqueous stripping solution to transfer copper ions from said extractant to said stripping solution to form a copper-rich stripping solution and a copper-depleted extractant; (E) separating said copper-rich st

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making metal wire, comprising: (A) forming metal foil; (B) cutting said foil to form at least one strand of metal wire; and (C) shaping said strand of wire to provide said strand with desired cross-sectional shape and size. This process is particularly suitable for making copper wire, especially copper wire having a very thin diameter (e.g., about 0.0002 to about 0.02 inch).

Abstract: A process for reducing the oxides of nitrogen in exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine comprising contacting the exhaust gases with a self supporting catalytic structure in the form of an expanded thin metal foil. The expanded metal foil comprises a corrosion resistant metallic substrate having an NO.sub.x reducing catalyst on the surface layer. The corrosion resistance substrate may be a nickel/chromium alloy, and the NO.sub.x catalytic surface may be a nickel/copper alloy.

Abstract: A durable catalytic structure capable of catalyzing the reduction of NO.sub.x gases found in the exhaust stream emanating from an internal combustion engine substantially without the generation of ammonia is provided which comprises a heat resistant metallic substrate having adhering to at least a part of the surface thereof a catalytic alloy of a nickel base material and copper with the weight ratio of the nickel base material to copper being at least equal to, but preferably greater than, about 9 to 1.

Abstract: A system for reducing NO.sub.x gases found in the exhaust stream of the internal combustion engine is provided which includes an internal combustion engine having associated therewith a means for supplying fuel and oxygen to the engine, a manifold system for directing or channeling the exhaust gases from the engine, and a NO.sub.x reducing catalyst assembly communicating with the manifold which includes a housing having a NO.sub.x reducing catalytic structure of apertured thin metal foil positioned therein which comprises a durable, chromium containing corrosion resistant cobalt base substrate having metallurgically bonded thereto, on at least one surface, an effective amount of a NO.sub.x reducing catalyst selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A system for reducing NO.sub.x gases found in the exhaust stream of the internal combustion engine is provided which includes an internal combustion engine having associated therewith a means for supplying fuel and oxygen to the engine, a manifold system for directing or channeling the exhaust gases from the engine, and a NO.sub.x reducing catalyst assembly communicating with the manifold which includes a housing having a NO.sub.x reducing catalytic structure of apertured thin metal foil positioned therein which comprises a durable, chromium containing corrosion resistant nickel base substrate having metallurgically bonded thereto, on at least one surface, an effective amount of a NO.sub.x reducing catalyst selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A system for reducing NO.sub.x gases found in the exhaust stream of the internal combustion engine is provided which includes an internal combustion engine having associated therewith a means for supplying fuel and oxygen to the engine, a manifold system for directing or channeling the exhaust gases from the engine, and a NO.sub.x reducing catalyst assembly communicating with the manifold which includes a housing having a NO.sub.x reducing catalytic structure of apertured thin metal foil positioned therein. In addition, an article composed of a catalytic material for reducing the oxides of nitrogen in exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine is also provided. The article includes a self-supporting catalytic structure in the form of an apertured, thin metal foil having a ratio of low mass to high surface area. In its preferred form, the foil is an expanded metal foil and is formed by tightly winding the foil into a plural layer helical coil.

Abstract: A mixture of metals composed predominantly of aluminum and the balance bearing phase materials are heated to a molten state, ejected through an orifice and atomized by impinging a stream of cold water against the molten metal to effect a rapid drop in temperature as well as solidifcation. A layer of the resulting pre-alloyed particles are roll compacted simultaneously with a sacrificial surface layer and a bottom bonding layer, both being composed of aluminum base particulate materials. The bottom layer is devoid of bearing phase materials. The tri-layer strip is sintered, roll clad onto a backing member and post-annealed, blanked and formed into a bearing which is bored to remove the sacrificial layer.

Abstract: A system for reducing NO.sub.x gases found in the exhaust stream of the internal combustion engine is provided which includes an internal combustion engine having associated therewith a means for supplying fuel and oxygen to the engine, a manifold system for directing or channeling the exhaust gases from the engine, and an NO.sub.x reducing catalyst assembly communicating with the manifold which includes a housing having an NO.sub.x reducing catalytic structure of apertured thin metal foil positioned therein which comprises a durable, chromium containing corrosion resistant metal substrate having bonded thereto an effective amount of a NO.sub.x reducing catalyst selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese and mixtures thereof. In addition, an article composed of a catalytic material for reducing the oxides of nitrogen in exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine is also provided.

Abstract: A method and means for catalytically removing impurities found in the exhaust stream emanating from the internal combustion engine is provided. Such exhaust gases are initially brought into contact with a metallic oxidation catalyst at a temperature sufficient to cause a significant amount of the unreacted oxygen present to be removed therefrom by reacting it with oxidizable materials in the exhaust gases, with the oxidation catalyst employed being characterized by its lack of activity with respect to converting nitrogen and hydrogen found in exhaust gases into ammonia. The so-treated exhaust gases are then brought into contact with a nitrogen oxide (NO.sub.x) reducing catalyst, which is also characterized by its lack of activity with respect to converting nitrogen and hydrogen found in the exhaust gases into ammonia, at a temperature sufficient to cause nitrogen oxide gases in the exhaust gases to be catalytically reduced.

Abstract: A system for reducing NO.sub.x gases found in the exhaust stream of the internal combustion engine is provided which includes an internal combustion engine having associated therewith a means for supplying fuel and oxygen to the engine, a manifold system for directing or channeling the exhaust gases from the engine, and a NO.sub.x reducing catalyst assembly communicating with the manifold which includes a housing having a NO.sub.x reducing catalytic structure of apertured thin metal foil positioned therein which comprises a durable, chromium containing corrosion resistant nickel base substrate having on at least one surface, an effective amount of a NO.sub.x reducing catalyst selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese and mixtures thereof.