Abstract: Carrier particles with an average diameter of greater than 44 microns are generated from fly ash, and subsequently admixed with toner compositions enabling developer compositions useful for incorporation into xerographic imaging apparatuses. The aforementioned carrier particles have an apparent density of from about 2.4 to 2.6 grams/cm.sup.3 and a magnetic moment of from about 60 to about 70 electromagnetic units. Images with substantially no background deposits, that is, no dark bands appearing thereon, and substantially no white spots resulted with the aforementioned developer compositions.

Abstract: Carrier particles with an average diameter of greater than 44 microns are generated from fly ash, and subsequently admixed with toner compositions enabling developer compositions useful for incorporation into xerographic imaging apparatuses. The aforementioned carrier particles have an apparent density of from about 2.4 to 2.6 grams/cm.sup.3 and a magnetic moment of from about 60 to about 70 electromagnetic units. Images with substantially no background deposits, that is, no dark bands appearing thereon, and substantially no white spots resulted with the aforementioned developer compositions.

Abstract: Magnetically-responsive electrostatographic nickel carrier particles having semi-conductive and lower triboelectric charging properties are prepared by heat treating nickel particles in an ambient atmosphere as to provide the carrier particles with an oxide coating. More particularly, commercially available nickel particles are placed in a furnace and the particles are heat treated at a temperature of between about 600.degree. C. and about 1,000.degree. C. for a period of time of between about 5 and 10 minutes. When employed with finely-divided toner particles to develop electrostatic latent images in a magnetic-brush development apparatus, the treated carriers have been found to alleviate shorting problems and to provide developed images having lower background densities and higher resolution than prior carrier materials.

Abstract: Coated carrier materials are prepared by electrostatically attracting particles of a coating material to the surface of carrier cores and then heating the carrier materials causing the coating material to fuse to the carrier material forming an adherent coating thereon. The coating material is attracted to the carrier materials by (a) rolling carrier materials down an inclined plane while spraying the carrier materials with a coating material; (b) dropping carrier materials through a cloud chamber containing a cloud of coating material particles; and (c) solids blending a mixture of carrier materials and particles of coating material.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing spheroidized beads comprising the steps of introducing raw ore particles in the presence of an inert non-oxidizing carrier gas to a carbon arc plasma flame assembly to which is fed a controlled amount of oxygen and argon gas, melting the ore particles to form spheroidized droplets thereof, allowing the spheroidized droplets to fall by gravity in a substantially closed chamber having a controlled atmosphere wherein the droplets cool and solidify into beads, and collecting the beads.

Abstract: Electrostatographic developer comprised of a toner and an uncoated carrier wherein the carrier is a Group IV metal oxide or a double oxide of tin, hafnium, germanium, zirconium, or titanium and an alkaline earth or lead. These carriers have the desirable properties generally associated with the coated carriers heretofore employed in the art, but are not as prone as the coated carriers to degradation and impactation and therefore have a longer useful life.

Abstract: In preferred form, the inventive concept utilizes a carbon arc plasma flame assembly wherein magnetic ore particles are fed to the plasma flame assembly in the presence of a controlled, gaseous atmosphere. The plasma flame assembly comprises a cathode and at least two carbon anodes to which is fed oxygen gas in a controlled amount. Upon contact with the plasma flame, the ore particles become molten droplets which fall by gravity into a spheroidization column having a controlled atmosphere. As the molten droplets fall, they cool and become spheroidal particles. The chamber wherein the heating occurs is substantially sealed and is initially purged with inert gas. In addition, the spheroidization column is fitted with an exhaust system which maintains the integrity of the processing atmosphere and that of the spheroidized particles.

Abstract: Magnetic developer material comprising a carrier which comprises high purity nickel is disclosed. Electrophotographic processes employing said developer are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrostatographic developer mixture comprising finely-divided toner particles electrostatically adhering to the surface of highly shape-classified low carbon hypereutectoid steel carrier particles, the steel carrier particles comprising carrier cores having a composition comprising about 95.0 to 99.0 parts iron, 0.1 to 2.0 parts carbon, 0.5 to 2.0 parts manganese, 0.5 to 2.0 parts silicon, 0.03 to 0.1 parts aluminum, 0.01 to 0.05 parts phosphorus, and 0.02 to 0.05 parts sulphur, said carrier cores having been heat treated to a tempered martensitic microstructure with an average hardness of 40-55 Rockwell C and then overcoated with a coating material capable of electrostatically releasing toner particles adhered thereto to an electrostatic latent image. Processes of employing said developer mixture in electrostatographic imaging systems are also disclosed.