Abstract: A cylinder head includes novel designs for undercuts, contours of the outer enclosure, coolant jackets, and other cavities within an outer enclosure of the cylinder head. The cylinder head design enables the reduction of weight of the head while maintaining structural integrity of the head, and improves control of temperatures in intake side and exhaust side zones of the heads to improve operational efficiency of the engine. A method is provided for additive manufacturing of the cylinder head including the disclosed designs.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a high resilience urethane foam (HR foam) having low compression set at a wide range of isocyanate index for use in small void filling in integrated foam parts.The small voids formed in the molding process of integrated foam parts can be filled without penetration of foaming liquids into existing foam cells. In addition, resulting foams have very low compression set values at a wide range of isocyanate index.The foaming system of the present invention is composed of two components, i.e., thixotropic polyisocyanate component and thixotropic polyol component. Their thixotropicity is obtained by adding benzal sorbitol into respective components. The polyisocyanate is selected from organic polyisocyanates and the polyol component is prepared by mixing a polyol blend composed of a polyolefinic polyol and a polyoxyalkylene polyol in a weight ratio between 95/5 to 50/50, a blowing agent, a surfactant and a catalyst.