Abstract: A battery control module for use with a battery includes a voltage measuring module that measures battery voltage and a current measuring module that measures battery current. A power limit module communicates with the current and voltage measuring modules and once every time period estimates a battery current limit that corresponds with a future time period. The battery current limit is based on a predetermined voltage limit of the battery and a battery current and a battery voltage that correspond with a time period that precedes the future time period.

Abstract: A battery control module is provided for use with a battery and includes a voltage measuring module that measures battery voltage, a current measuring module that measures battery current, and a state of charge (SOC) module. The SOC module communicates with the current and voltage measuring modules, determines a reset voltage based on the battery current, compares the battery voltage and the reset voltage, and resets a battery SOC based on an outcome of the comparison.

Abstract: An apparatus that estimates the ohmic resistances of N batteries includes voltage and current measurement modules that respectively measure the voltage and current of each of the N batteries. An ohmic resistance estimating module over N+1 time periods receives the voltage and current measurements of each of the N batteries and receives consecutive voltage and current measurements for one of the N batteries. N is a positive integer and the ohmic resistance estimating module estimates the ohmic resistance of the battery that is associated with the consecutive voltage and current measurements.

Abstract: A battery control module is provided for use with a battery and includes a voltage measuring module that measures battery voltage, a current measuring module that measures battery current, and a state of charge (SOC) module that communicates with said current and voltage measuring modules. In some features, the SOC module determines an unfiltered SOC of said battery, a characteristic of said unfiltered SOC, and a modified SOC that is based on said unfiltered SOC and said characteristic. In other features, the SOC module determines first and second reset voltages, compares the battery voltage to the first and second reset voltages, and determines an unfiltered SOC based on said first and second reset voltages and said battery voltage.

Abstract: A battery control module is provided for use with a battery and includes a voltage measuring module that measures battery voltage, a current measuring module that measures battery current, and a state of charge (SOC) module that communicates with the current and voltage measuring modules. The SOC module estimates an open circuit voltage based on the battery current and the battery voltage and estimates a SOC based on the open circuit voltage.

Abstract: An apparatus that estimates the ohmic resistances of N batteries includes voltage and current measurement modules that respectively measure the voltage and current of each of the N batteries. An ohmic resistance estimating module over N+1 time periods receives the voltage and current measurements of each of the N batteries and receives consecutive voltage and current measurements for one of the N batteries. N is a positive integer and the ohmic resistance estimating module estimates the ohmic resistance of the battery that is associated with the consecutive voltage and current measurements.

Abstract: A system for determining an operating limit of at least one battery according to some embodiments of the present invention comprises a voltage module that measures a voltage V across at least one battery during first and second periods. A current sensor that measures current I supplied by the at least one battery during the first and second periods. A limit module estimates an ohmic resistance R0 based on at least one of a temperature of the at least one battery and a time difference between the first and second periods, and that estimates a sum of a polarization voltage VP and an open circuit voltage V0 of the at least one battery at the second period based on the voltage V and current I of the at least one battery at the first period and an ohmic resistance R0 of the at least one battery.

Abstract: A battery control module for use with a battery includes a voltage measuring module that measures battery voltage and a current measuring module that measures battery current. A power limit module communicates with the current and voltage measuring modules and once every time period estimates a battery current limit that corresponds with a future time period. The battery current limit is based on a predetermined voltage limit of the battery and a battery current and a battery voltage that correspond with a time period that precedes the future time period.

Abstract: A system for determining an operating limit of at least one battery according to some embodiments of the present invention comprises a voltage module that measures a voltage V across at least one battery during first and second periods. A current sensor that measures current I supplied by the at least one battery during the first and second periods. A limit module estimates a sum of a polarization voltage VP and an open circuit voltage V0 of the at least one battery at the second period based on the voltage V and current I of the at least one battery at the first period and an ohmic resistance R0 of the at least one battery.

Abstract: A battery watering (8) system using a plurality of cells (14) and modules (12). Watering ramps (11) communicate water from a reservoir (18) to a series of interconnected watering caps (16). A reversible pump (30) is positioned below the watering caps (16) such that water within the watering caps (16) and interconnecting conduits (26, 28) drains through the pump (30) and into the reservoir (18) by syphon when no voltage is applied to the pump (30). A controller (39) automatically operates the watering system (8) by sensing the amp hours used since the last watering and determines whether or not the battery needs water. Successful battery watering or system failure are signaled (40) to the operator.