Abstract: A controlled dynamic radiant (CDR) oven uses a dynamic heating method to reproduce food material changes that occur during the frying process without immersing the food in oil. The CDR oven includes a conveyance system for moving food along a radiant frying path having various heating zones. The conveyance system includes individual food portion carriers. Radiant emitters, for example IR emitters, are located behind a spatter screen in each heating zone and to each side of the radiant frying path. Different heating zones utilize different radiant emissions to achieve various heat fluxes and heat profiles, for example, mimicking that of an oil immersion frying heat profile. The radiant frying path can be optionally oriented along a substantially vertical axis to minimize the oven footprint. The CDR oven also can be combined with refrigeration/freezer unit and a payment and dispensing system for vending of food product.

Abstract: An easily-openable container lid made from a laminate material which includes a thick outer thermoplastic layer, a thin intermediate gas barrier layer, preferably of metallic foil, and a heat-sealable inner coating or film layer. A score line extends only partially through the outermost layer of this container lid to define an openable section thereof. The lid is further provided with a pull tab severing laminate material along its score line without delaminating, said tab being affixed to the openable lid section with a hollow, integrally-formed rivet. A retortable container and laminate lid combination is also disclosed.

Abstract: A composition and method are disclosed for electroplating microporous chromium layers without the requirement that microparticles be present either in the chromium layer or in a sublayer. A composition used contains chromic acid and sulfoacetic acid and, optionally, dichromate ion, sulfate ion and/or fluoride ion but being substantially free of iodide, selenide or bromide ions. A deposit having at least 20,000 micropores per square inch results. The process may be used to make multiple layer articles having an outer layer of microporous chromium.

Abstract: A stretch wrap film having one-sided cling of a thermoplastic A/B layer film structure wherein layer A in its stretched condition has a comparatively high cling force to layer B and layer B has at least substantially no cling force to a layer of itself and has a slide property when layer B is in contact with a layer of itself with relative motion therebetween and the surface of layer B presents sufficient area of an organic polymer which of its very nature causes the no cling force and the slide property.