Abstract: Systems and methods are provided which produce an improved distillers, brewers or fermenters grain by-products, including solubles, by determining nutrients and nutrient amounts to be added to a by-product to achieve targeted nutritional values, including bypass protein and amino acid levels, of the nutritionally enhanced grain byproduct after processing. One or more crude protein and/or amino acid content nutrient sources are added to the byproduct to create a nutritionally enhanced by-product mixture. The temperature and/or moisture content of the nutritionally enhanced by-product mixture is adjusted based on an empirically derived relationship that relates RUP as a percent of crude protein to an end product temperature in a predictable and repeatable manner to produce the improved distillers, brewers or fermenters grain byproduct. The products, having enhanced nutrient values of which are predictably ascertained, are made by the disclosed systems and methods.

Abstract: The invention is to products for enhancing the nutrient value of distillers, brewers or fermenters grain byproducts using an injector or mixer to add predetermined amounts of nutrients to the grains. The byproduct nutrient obtained is heated, dried and/or extruded to increase the ruminant bypass protein of the nutrient product.

Abstract: A process for filling submicron, high aspect ratio gaps, that may have reentrant angles, with a high quality ILD. A first ILD layer is deposited using PECVD to partially fill the gap. Medium-pressure sputter etching is then used to remove the bread-loaf edges and redeposit the etched material in the gaps, thereby allowing small gaps with high aspect ratios and reentrant angles to be completely filled. Finally, a second ILD layer that completely fills the gap is deposited using PECVD.

Abstract: An improved method for planarizing the surface of an dielectric deposited over a semiconductor substrate. The substrate is pressed face down against a table which has been coated with an abrasive material. In this way, the upper surface of the interlayer dielectric contacts the abrasive. Rotational movement of the wafer relative to the table facilitates removal of the protruding portions of the interlayer dielectric by the abrasive. Post-planarization step height variation is minimized by simultaneously cooling the table and the abrasive material during the abrasive or polishing process. By maintaining the table and the abrasive at about 10 degrees Celcius the step height variation is reduced by a factor of 2 over that normally realized in the prior art.

Abstract: An improved method for planarizing the surface of an dielectric deposited over a semiconductor substrate. The substrate is pressed face down against a table which has been coated with an abrasive material. In this way, the upper surface of the interlayer dielectric contacts the abrasive. Rotational movement of the wafer relative to the table facilitates removal of the protruding portions of the interlayer dielectric by the abrasive. Post-planarization step height variation is minimized by simultaneously cooling the table and the abrasive material during the abrasive or polishing process. By maintaining the table and the abrasive at about 10 degrees Celsius the step height variation is reduced by a factor of 2 over that normally realized in the prior art.

Abstract: To produce metal powders by rotary atomization molten metal is poured onto the surface of a spinning disk. The central portion of the disk is ceramic. Onto the upper surface of the ceramic portion is bonded a protective layer of metal compatible with the molten metal to be poured. The molten metal is poured directly onto this metal layer which prevents contact with the ceramic. The metal of the protective layer is selected such that proper atomization and no significant contamination of the atomized metal occurs during a run.

Abstract: An atomizer disk for use in the process of making metal powder by pouring molten metal onto the spinning disk is made from a plurality of contiguous, concentric, radially aligned elements having thermal conductivity properties which are selected to achieve appropriate temperature zones on the surface of the disk during operation. The central disk-like element is preferably a ceramic with low thermal conductivity. The outermost element is a high strength reinforcing ring which preferably also has high thermal conductivity. The annular elements between the outer ring and central disk should also have high thermal conductivity. By properly selecting the disk materials the heat extraction from the molten metal can be better controlled and larger disks may be constructed.

Abstract: A method is set forth wherein powder is produced by melting metal in a melting furnace where it is then poured into a tundish which directs the molten metal onto a spinning disc means. The tundish is located at the center of a nozzle plate which contains a plurality of annular nozzle means for directing a coolant flow downwardly around the spinning disc means at different radial positions. Controls are provided for controlling atmosphere in said apparatus. Further, controls are provided to control the speed of the disc means and the mass flow of the cooling fluid through each of the nozzle means.

Abstract: A system for xerographic processing of a radiation responsive photoreceptor plate to produce an output printout of radiated subject matter, and thereafter to neutralize and store the photoreceptor plate in readiness for a next successive X-ray irradiation. The system utilizes a photoreceptor plate of charge orientable substance of sufficient strength to withstand expected usage; the system then includes a series of processing stations within a suitable protective enclosure wherein a positive engagement belt drive carries the photoreceptor plate through a processing conveyance for application of xerographic toner, image printout to paper or film, plate relaxation, plate neutralization and, finally, plate storage under controlled heat in readiness for next successive imaging.

Abstract: An apparatus is set forth wherein powder is produced by melting metal in a melting furnace where it is then poured into a tundish which directs the molten metal onto a spinning disc means. The tundish is located at the center of a nozzle plate which contains a plurality of annular nozzle means for directing a coolant flow downwardly around the spinning disc means at different radial positions. Controls are provided for controlling atmosphere in said apparatus. Further, controls are provided to control the speed of the disc means and the mass flow of the cooling fluid through each of the nozzle means.