Abstract: Flexible catheters adapted to be inserted into a body to deliver high-voltage, fast (e.g., microsecond, sub-microsecond, nanosecond, picosecond, etc.) electrical energy to target tissue may include a plurality of conductive layers, that may be coaxial. These catheters and method of using them to treat tissue are configured to reduce or avoid arcing.

Abstract: Flexible catheters adapted to be inserted into a body to deliver high-voltage, fast (e.g., microsecond, sub-microsecond, nanosecond, picosecond, etc.) electrical energy to target tissue may include a plurality of conductive layers, that may be coaxial. These catheters and method of using them to treat tissue are configured to reduce or avoid arcing.

Abstract: Nitric oxide-releasing mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were prepared using an aminosilane-template surfactant ion exchange reaction. Initially, bare silica particles were synthesized under basic conditions in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). These particles were functionalized with nitric oxide (NO) donor precursors via the addition of aminosilane directly to the particle sol, and a commensurate ion exchange reaction between the cationic aminosilanes and CTAB. N-diazeniumdiolate NO donors were formed at the secondary amines to yield NO-releasing silica MSNs. Tuning of the ion exchange-based MSN modification approach allowed for the preparation of monodisperse particles ranging from 30 to 1100 nm. Regardless of size, the MSNs stored appreciable levels of NO (0.4-1.5 ?mol/mg) with tunable NO-release durations (1-33 h) dependent on the aminosilane modification. The range of MSN sizes and NO release demonstrate the versatility of this strategy.

Abstract: Nitric oxide-releasing mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were prepared using an aminosilane-template surfactant ion exchange reaction. Initially, bare silica particles were synthesized under basic conditions in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). These particles were functionalized with nitric oxide (NO) donor precursors via the addition of aminosilane directly to the particle sol, and a commensurate ion exchange reaction between the cationic aminosilanes and CTAB. N-diazeniumdiolate NO donors were formed at the secondary amines to yield NO-releasing silica MSNs. Tuning of the ion exchange-based MSN modification approach allowed for the preparation of monodisperse particles ranging from 30 to 1100 nm. Regardless of size, the MSNs stored appreciable levels of NO (0.4-1.5 ?mol/mg) with tunable NO-release durations (1-33 h) dependent on the aminosilane modification. The range of MSN sizes and NO release demonstrate the versatility of this strategy.

Abstract: Nitric oxide-releasing mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were prepared using an aminosilane-template surfactant ion exchange reaction. Initially, bare silica particles were synthesized under basic conditions in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). These particles were functionalized with nitric oxide (NO) donor precursors via the addition of aminosilane directly to the particle sol, and a commensurate ion exchange reaction between the cationic aminosilanes and CTAB. N-diazeniumdiolate NO donors were formed at the secondary amines to yield NO-releasing silica MSNs. Tuning of the ion exchange-based MSN modification approach allowed for the preparation of monodisperse particles ranging from 30 to 1100 nm. Regardless of size, the MSNs stored appreciable levels of NO (0.4-3.5 ?mol/mg) with tunable NO-release durations (1-33 h) dependent on the aminosilane modification. The range of MSN sizes and NO release demonstrate the versatility of this strategy.