Abstract: The present invention relates to improved methods of purification of sugars and in particular to a method of preparing lactose. A low purity lactose source such as whey is subjected to a first demineralization step involving either ion-exchange or the addition of divalent metal cations, followed by a second demineralization step where alcohol is added. The invention also relates to lactose produced by this method and products comprising lactose produced by this method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved methods of purification of sugars and in particular to a method of preparing lactose. A low purity lactose source such as whey is subjected to a first demineralization step involving either ion-exchange or the addition of divalent metal cations, followed by a second demineralization step where alcohol is added. The invention also relates to lactose produced by this method and products comprising lactose produced by this method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved methods of purification of sugars and in particular to a method of preparing lactose. A low purity lactose source such as whey is subjected to a first demineralisation step involving either ion-exchange or the addition of divalent metal cations, followed by a second demineralisation step where alcohol is added. The invention also relates to lactose produced by this method and produts comprising lactose produced by this method.

Abstract: A compact metal bellows preferably for converting pressure changes into lar motion, has alternating inner and outer welds accomplished by a laser weld technique. An inner weld fixture is provided for deflecting a portion of the bellows away from the very small beam spot of the laser weld process.The compact metallic bellows of the present invention is particularly adapted for fitting into a small space and taking advantage of its equal free length and solid length to provide a spring force equal the sum of the spring force of each of the several metallic diaphragms.

Abstract: A compact metal bellows preferably for converting pressure changes into lar motion, has alternating inner and outer welds accomplished by a laser weld technique. An inner weld fixture is provided for deflecting a portion of the bellows away from the very small beam spot of the laser weld process. The compact metallic bellows of the present invention is particularly adapted for fitting into a small space and taking advantage of its equal free length and solid length to provide a spring force equal the sum of the spring force of each of the several metallic diaphragms.

Abstract: A continuous wave laser and modulator drives a fibre optic delay line whose output is detected by a photo detector and gain control amplifier. The signal from the amplifier is phase advanced in a modulator by a phase advance signal whose period is equal to the loop delay including the delay line. The resulting signal is added to an input signal in an adder whose output is the modulating signal for the modulator. Cycles of the phase advanced signal are counted to establish a processing time of N circulations round the loop where N might be 160 or significantly larger. At the end of the processing time, the output signal from the adder, over a segment equal to the delay time, represents the frequency spectrum of the input signal. N can be varied to vary the resolution of the measurement. The fibre optic delay line provides a highly stable determinate delay and permits very wide band operation.