Abstract: Potential impending disaster information is received for a potential impending disaster including an event impact value for an extent of the potential impending disaster, a response value for a relief effort for the potential impending disaster, and a donation impact value for effectiveness of the response value. A detection is made, using an artificial intelligence engine, of the response value, of the donation impact value, and of at least one redirection trigger from the potential impending disaster information. Upon the detection of the at least one redirection trigger, a redirection mode is configured. Data is received for a transaction between a customer and a merchant. A determination is made from information from the transaction of a donation amount and a location associated with the transaction.

Abstract: An expiratory respiratory therapy assembly includes a therapy device (20) that provides an oscillating resistance to expiratory flow. A variable restrictor R is connected to the breathing inlet (7) of the therapy device. The restrictor R includes a manually-displaceable slider (117) that is movable to cover varying proportions of an inspiratory aperture (115) in the restrictor so as to provide a variable resistance to inspiratory flow.

Abstract: A dark pulse is manifested when the intensity of a laser beam, for example, a continuous wave laser beam drops to zero and returns to its original intensity in a very short time period. A modulator for producing dark pulse outputs is disclosed which includes a two-photon absorption cell provided with two input laser beams: a continuous wave beam having a frequency .omega..sub.1 and a mode-locked laser beam having a frequency .omega..sub.2 selected such that .omega..sub.1 + .omega..sub.2 = .OMEGA..sub.12 where .OMEGA..sub.12 is also the two-photon absorption frequency of the vapor contained in the cell. The mode locked beam modulates the continuous wave beam to produce the desired dark pulses.