Abstract: Described are compositions comprising selected isolated 4-hydroxymethyl-prolines, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or derivatives thereof. Also described are novel 4-hydroxymethyl-N-methyl-prolines, together with processes for their preparation, compositions containing them, as well as their use as medicaments and pharmaceuticals. Also described are processes for producing a herbal medicine comprising the step of monitoring the quality of said herbal medicine by detecting the presence or absence or measuring the amount of one or more 4-hydroxymethyl-N-methyl-prolines in a sample of said herbal medicine.

Abstract: Described are processes for the production of a composition comprising (2R, 3R, 4R, 5S)-3, 4, 5-trihydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid (idoBR1), said process comprising the steps of: a) providing plant material from a botanical source comprising plant of the family Cucurbitaceae; b) fractionating said plant material to produce an extract enriched in idoBR1 c) assaying said extract for: i) inhibitory activity against sialidase or TNF-alpha or ii) IL-10 stimulatory activity; and d) formulating said assayed extract with a cosmetically-, nutraceutically- or pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient or carrier to produce a cosmetic, nutraceutical or pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: Described are compositions comprising a cyclic guanidine for use in a method of neuroprotection or for treating or preventing a GBA deficiency disease. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a cyclic guanidine and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, along with related methods of treating or preventing a GBA deficiency disease. Also described are various processes for producing a yogurt, or for monitoring the quality of a yogurt, comprising testing the sample for GCase activity, the presence of glycosidase modulatory activity, the presence or absence of a cyclic guanidine and/or to measure the amount of a cyclic guanidine in the sample, and/or for the presence of glycosidase modulatory activity, for example for the inhibition or promotion of one or more glycosidases.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for the production of composition comprising one or more fructose amino acids, said process comprising the steps of: (a) providing plant material derived from a botanical source selected from plants of the families Solanaceae, Compositae, (Asteraceae), Guttiferae, Umbelliferae, Papaveraceae, Vitidaceae or Acanthaceae; (b) extracting one or more fructose amino acid(s) from said plant material; and optionally (c) detecting the presence and/or measuring the amount of said fructose amino acid(s) in the extract of step (b).

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for the production of composition comprising one or more fructose amino acids, and related. Such a process may comprise the steps of: (a) providing plant material derived from a botanical source selected from plants of the families Solanaceae, Compositae, Asteraceae, Guttiferae, Umbelliferae, Papaveraceae, Vitidaceae or Acanthaceae; (b) extracting one or more fructose amino acid(s) from said plant material; and optionally, (c) detecting the presence and/or measuring the amount of said fructose amino acid(s) in the extract of step (b).

Abstract: Described are processes for the production of a composition comprising (2R, 3R, 4R, 5S)-3, 4, 5-trihydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid (idoBR1), said process comprising the steps of: a) providing plant material from a botanical source comprising plant of the family Cucurbitaceae; b) fractionating said plant material to produce an extract enriched in idoBR1 c) assaying said extract for: i) inhibitory activity against sialidase or TNF-alpha or ii) IL-10 stimulatory activity; and d) formulating said assayed extract with a cosmetically-, nutraceutically- or pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient or carrier to produce a cosmetic, nutraceutical or pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: Described are compositions comprising selected isolated 4-hydroxymethyl-prolines, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or derivatives thereof. Also described are novel 4-hydroxymethyl-N-methyl-prolines, together with processes for their preparation, compositions containing them, as well as their use as medicaments and pharmaceuticals. Also described are processes for producing a herbal medicine comprising the step of monitoring the quality of said herbal medicine by detecting the presence or absence or measuring the amount of one or more 4-hydroxymethyl-N-methyl-prolines in a sample of said herbal medicine.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for the production of composition comprising one or more fructose amino acids, said process comprising the steps of: (a) providing plant material derived from a botanical source selected from plants of the families Solanaceae, Compositae, (Asteraceae), Guttiferae, Umbelliferae, Papaveraceae, Vitidaceae or Acanthaceae; (b) extracting one or more fructose amino acid(s) from said plant material; and optionally (c) detecting the presence and/or measuring the amount of said fructose amino acid(s) in the extract of step (b).

Abstract: Described are compositions comprising imino sugar acids for the treatment of energy utilization disease (e.g. metabolic syndrome, including any disease or disorder associated therewith, for example central obesity, elevated levels of triglycerides and diabetes, including type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance), processes for producing said compositions from various plant sources, together with various products, compounds, compositions, medical uses and methods based thereon.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for the production of composition comprising one or more fructose amino acids, said process comprising the steps of: (a) providing plant material derived from a botanical source selected from plants of the families Solanaceae, Compositae, (Asteraceae), Guttiferae, Umbelliferae, Papaveraceae, Vitidaceae or Acanthaceae; (b) extracting one or more fructose amino acid(s) from said plant material; and optionally (c) detecting the presence and/or measuring the amount of said fructose amino acid(s) in the extract of step (b).

Abstract: Compositions comprising isolated ido-BR1 are described for use in therapy or prophylaxis, including the treatment of inflammatory diseases (for example as anti-inflammatory drugs) and to reduce inflammation. Also described are methods for monitoring the quality of a Cucurbitaceae extract, to processes for producing a Cucurbitaceae extract as well as to Cucurbitaceae extracts obtainable by such processes.

Abstract: Compositions comprising isolated ido-BR1 are described for use in therapy or prophylaxis, including the treatment of inflammatory diseases (for example as anti-inflammatory drugs) and to reduce inflammation. Also described are methods for monitoring the quality of a Cucurbitaceae extract, to processes for producing a Cucurbitaceae extract as well as to Cucurbitaceae extracts obtainable by such processes.

Abstract: Processes for the production of a composition comprising material derived from seeds of plants of the genus Oryza, the process comprise the steps of: (a) providing material derived from seeds of the genus Oryza; and (b) determining the presence or absence and/or measuring the amount of at least one iminosugar in the material of step (a). Also described is the use of material derived from seeds of plants of the genus Oryza, which material comprises at least one iminosugar, as a food or feed supplement for lowering the glycaemic index (GI) value of said food or feed.

Abstract: Described are compositions comprising imino sugar acids for the treatment of energy utilization disease (e.g. metabolic syndrome, including any disease or disorder associated therewith, for example central obesity, elevated levels of triglycerides and diabetes, including type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance), processes for producing said compositions from various plant sources, together with various products, compounds, compositions, medical uses and methods based thereon.

Abstract: Compositions comprising isolated ido-BR1 are described for use in therapy or prophylaxis, including the treatment of inflammatory diseases (for example as anti-inflammatory drugs) and to reduce inflammation. Also described are methods for monitoring the quality of a Cucurbitaceae extract, to processes for producing a Cucurbitaceae extract as well as to Cucurbitaceae extracts obtainable by such processes.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for the production of composition comprising one or more fructose amino acids, said process comprising the steps of: (a) providing plant material derived from a botanical source selected from plants of the families Solanaceae, Compositae, (Asteraceae), Guttiferae, Umbelliferae, Papaveraceae, Vitidaceae or Acanthaceae; (b) extracting one or more fructose amino acid(s) from said plant material; and optionally (c) detecting the presence and/or measuring the amount of said fructose amino acid(s) in the extract of step (b).

Abstract: Compositions comprising isolated ido-BR1 are described for use in therapy or prophylaxis, including the treatment of inflammatory diseases (for example as anti-inflammatory drugs) and to reduce inflammation. Also described are methods for monitoring the quality of a Cucurbitaceae extract, to processes for producing a Cucurbitaceae extract as well as to Cucurbitaceae extracts obtainable by such processes.

Abstract: Described are compositions comprising imino sugar acids for the treatment of energy utilization disease (e.g. metabolic syndrome, including any disease or disorder associated therewith, for example central obesity, elevated levels of triglycerides and diabetes, including type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance), processes for producing said compositions from various plant sources, together with various products, compounds, compositions, medical uses and methods based thereon.

Abstract: Isolated immunomodulatory (e.g. immunostimulatory) polyhydroxlated pyrrolizidine compounds having the formula (I), wherein R is selected from the group comprising hydrogen, straight or branched, unsubstituted or substituted, saturated or unsaturated acyl, alkyl (e.g. cycloalkyl), alkenyl, alkynyl and aryl groups, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or derivative thereof, are useful in therapy and prophylaxis, including increasing the Th1:Th2 response ratio, haemorestoration, alleviation of immuno-suppression, cytokine stimulation, treatment of proliferative disorders (e.g. cancer), vaccination, stimulation of the innate immune response and boosting of the activity of endogenous NK cells.

Abstract: Isolated immunomodulatory (e.g. immunostimulatory) polyhydroxlated pyrrolizidine compounds having the formula are disclosed. In these compounds R is selected from hydrogen, straight or branched, unsubstituted or substituted, saturated or unsaturated acyl, alkyl (e.g. cycloalkyl), alkenyl, alkynyl and aryl groups. The compounds are useful in therapy and prophylaxis, including increasing the Th1:Th2 response ratio, hemorestoration, alleviation of immunosuppression, cytokine stimulation, treatment of proliferative disorders (e.g. cancer), vaccination, stimulation of the innate immune response and boosting of the activity of endogenous NK cells.