Abstract: A method is provided for generating single-stranded DNA circles from a biological sample. The method comprises the steps of: treating the biological sample with an extractant to release nucleic acids, thereby forming a sample mixture; neutralizing the extractant; denaturing the released nucleic acids to generate single-stranded nucleic acids; and contacting the single-stranded nucleic acids with a ligase that is capable of template-independent, intramolecular ligation of single-stranded DNA to generate the single-stranded DNA circles. All the steps of the method are performed without any intermediate nucleic acid isolation or nucleic acid purification. The single-stranded DNA circles may be amplified and further analyzed. Also provided is a kit which comprises compositions for carrying out the novel methods.

Abstract: Our invention describes a muzzle or exit exhaust attachment for firearms or other thermodynamic heat engine jetting devices and incorporates magnetic field diversion design features not previously utilized to increase efficiency in the reduction of noise, flash, barrel whip, exhaust flame temperature and muzzle blast effect. Our invention advantageously applies relatively recent discoveries in the field of ballistic studies; know as transition ballistics, and mitigates the high velocity, high pressure exhaust gasses from the instant of existence through decline to atmospheric pressure with greater efficiency than prior art devices such as, silencers, suppressors, mufflers and sound absorber attachments.

Abstract: Our invention describes a muzzle or exit exhaust attachment for firearms or other thermodynamic heat engine jetting devices and incorporates magnetic field diversion design features not previously utilized to increase efficiency in the reduction of noise, flash, barrel whip, exhaust flame temperature and muzzle blast effect. Our invention advantageously applies relatively recent discoveries in the field of ballistic studies; know as transition ballistics, and mitigates the high velocity, high pressure exhaust gasses from the instant of existence through decline to atmospheric pressure with greater efficiency than prior art devices such as, silencers, suppressors, mufflers and sound absorber attachments.