Abstract: An elbow comprising a body including an inlet having a inlet cross-sectional area is disclosed. The elbow includes a first section having a first end in communication with the inlet and a second end. The second end has a first cross-sectional area larger than the inlet cross-sectional area. A second section having first end and a second end is also included. The first end is in communication with the second end of the first section. The second end has a second cross-sectional area. The elbow includes a transitional section having a first end being in communication with the second end of the second section. The transitional section has an exit surface. An outlet is provided having a first end in communication with the exit surface and an second end through which the fluid exits.

Abstract: An elbow comprising a body including an inlet having a inlet cross-sectional area is disclosed. The elbow includes a first section having a first end in communication with the inlet and a second end. The second end has a first cross-sectional area larger than the inlet cross-sectional area. A second section having first end and a second end is also included. The first end is in communication with the second end of the first section. The second end has a second cross-sectional area. The elbow includes a transitional section having a first end being in communication with the second end of the second section. The transitional section has an exit surface. An outlet is provided having a first end in communication with the exit surface and an second end through which the fluid exits.

Abstract: Improvement in a mass air flow meter having a static pressure manifold disposed upstream from an air flow path for sample air and capable of accumulating a volume of air therein, the flow path constructed to receive an air flow transducer, the static pressure manifold having an inlet arrangement in communication with the kinematic main air flow traveling through the meter so as to be capable of sensing different static pressures thereof, the static pressure manifold having a single outlet serving as the sole inlet for the sample air to be measured by the air flow transducer, the static pressure of the air accumulated in the static pressure manifold being such that it functions as a resultant average of the different static pressures sensed at its inlet arrangement, the static pressure manifold providing substantial immunity for the meter in respect to turbulent air flow upstream therefrom.

Abstract: A mass air flow meter having smaller overall external dimensions than prior devices to facilitate packaging within the engine compartment of a vehicle. Contributing to this smaller size is the use of an "inside-out" venturi in which the inside diameter of the device body is relatively straight and an airfoil shaped body located in the airflow causes the venturi effect. Advantages of this design include high signal to noise ratio, lower manufacturing costs and reduction of bulk.

Abstract: Improvements in a mass air flow meter for internal combustion engines are disclosed which comprise structure for improving the flow dynamics of the air flow through the sampling path including expansion of the dynamic range and increase of the signal to noise ratio resulting in improved engine performance, fuel efficiency, and emission control. Such structure includes a sample tube being tapered in decreasing area in the direction of air flow therethrough and a pneumatic equivalent of a low pass R C filter which decouples the high turbulence in the main flow through the venturi, averages same and provides a scaled down profiled flow through the sample tube for measurement by a transducer in the sample tube, the measurements having an accuracy of .+-.2% of reading.