Abstract: A process for preparing a processed sample liquid solution for gel electrophoresis, comprising (a) treating a sample comprising a cell suspension in a non-shearing manner to produce a processed sample liquid solution comprising a mixture of DNA fragments extracted from the cell suspension, wherein at least one of the DNA fragments is greater than 200 kilobase pairs and (b) transferring the processed sample liquid solution in a non-shearing manner directly to an electrophoresis medium for conducting electrophoresis.

Abstract: Peptide-based carbon nanotube hair colorants are described. The hair colorants are prepared by coupling hair-binding peptides to the surface of chemically functionalized carbon nanotubes. Hair colorant and cosmetic compositions comprising the peptide-based carbon nanotube colorants are also described.

Abstract: The invention provides new hair colorant and cosmetic compositions comprising carbon nanotubes that have either been chemically functionalized or physically modified to increase their affinity for hair.

Abstract: Poly(fluoroalkyl) sugar reagents are prepared containing a sugar such as a monosaccharide or a disaccharide to which are bonded a plurality of fluoroalkyl anchor groups capable of attaching to a fluorocarbon surface, and either a reactive group capable of covalent coupling to a biomolecule such as an enzyme or a charged group to form an ion-exchanger or a non-ionic group to give a neutral fluorosurfactant. A spacer may be between the reactive group and the sugar. The poly(fluoroalkyl) sugar reagents are strongly adsorbed onto fluorocarbon surfaces to provide supports for such applications as separation and immobilization of biomolecules such as enzymes, carrying out heterogeneous diagnostic assays, and preparation of biosensors.

Abstract: Poly(fluoroalkyl) sugar reagents are prepared containing a sugar such as a monosaccharide or a disaccharide to which are bonded a plurality of fluoroalkyl anchor groups capable of attaching to a fluorocarbon surface, and either a reactive group capable of covalent coupling to a biomolecule such as an enzyme or a charged group to form an ion-exchanger or a non-ionic group to give a neutral fluorosurfactant. A spacer may be between the reactive group and the sugar. The poly(fluoroalkyl) sugar reagents are strongly adsorbed onto fluorocarbon surfaces to provide supports for such applications as separation and immobilization of biomolecules such as enzymes, carrying out heterogeneous diagnostic assays, and preparation of biosensors.

Abstract: The fluorocarbon surface of a solid or liquid support is activated with a highly fluorinated isocyanate-modified ligand or with a reactive poly(fluoroalkyl) sugar reagent containing a polyhydroxy sugar to which are attached a plurality of fluoroalkyl anchor groups, a reactive group and optionally a spacer. The activated support has application in separation of biomolecules, immobilization of biomolecules, heterogeneous diagnostic assays, and biosensors. An enzyme or other biomolecule is immobilized by contacting the activated support surface with the enzyme in the presence of a surfactant. The surfactant is preferably a neutral surfactant such as a fluoroalkyl-polyoxyethylene.

Abstract: Improved apparatus for the handling and detecting of an electrophoretic transfer membrane is disclosed herein, the improvement comprising guide apparatus designed to accommodate the transfer membrane, a pressure head positioned relative to the guide apparatus to releasably engage the membrane, and light shielding apparatus positioned relative to the guide apparatus to selectively enclose about the transfer membrane. The apparatus is operated so that the pressure head engages a flexible portion of the transfer membrane containing an electrophoretic blot while it is in a position appropriate for detection. There is also disclosed herein a process for utilizing the apparatus of the invention. In the process drying and optionally heating of the membrane where the blot has been contacted with enzyme-triggered 1,2-dioxetanes, to enhance the resulting chemiluminescent signal, is disclosed.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the enhancement of the chemiluminescence of enzyme-triggered 1,2-dioxetanes detectable within a sample. The process comprises first providing a solid support having sample disposed thereon and suitably treated with a solution including enzyme-triggered 1,2-dioxetanes. The solid support is next dried and optionally heated either simultaneously with drying or thereafter. The steps of drying and/or heating are conducted either prior to or simultaneously with detection.

Abstract: Poly(fluoroalkyl) sugar reagents are prepared containing a sugar such as a monosaccharide or a disaccharide to which are bonded multiple fluoroalkyl anchor groups capable of attaching to a fluorocarbon surface, and either a reactive group capable of covalent coupling to a biomolecule or a charged group to form an ion-exchanger or a non-ionic group to give a neutral fluorosurfactant. A spacer may be between the reactive group and the sugar. The poly(fluoroalkyl) sugar reagents are strongly adsorbed onto fluorocarbon surfaces to provide supports for such applications as separation and immobilization of biomolecules such as enzymes, carrying out heterogeneous diagnostic assays, and preparation of biosensors.

Abstract: A solid support useful for bioaffinity and ion-exchange separations and enzyme immobilization is provided. The support is based on a non-perfluorocarbon solid carrier core coated with a nonionic fluorosurfactant-coated fluorocarbon interlayer to which a ligand or a binder for the ligand is securely, but reversibly attached through a reactive perfluorocarbon anchor compound. Also provided is a solid support useful for size exclusion separations. Such support is based on a non-perfluorocarbon carrier core coated with a nonionic fluorosurfactant-coated fluorocarbon interlayer.

Abstract: A bioaffinity separation method is provided along with a solid affinity support utilized in that method. Additionally, immobilized enzyme systems are provided for use as enzyme electrode systems. The support is based on an inert perfluorocarbon polymer carrier with ligands or binders attached to its surface through a highly fluorinated isocyanate anchor group. Methods for preparing such supports and their use in capturing target molecules from samples and in analytical applications are also provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to fluoride ion-selective electrodes which employ, as the active membrane component, a ternary compound of the type M.sub.x Ln.sub.y F.sub.3-x, where M is an alkaline earth metal ion such as calcium, strontium or barium, and Ln is a lanthanide metal ion such as lanthanum, cerium, prosiodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium and europium.

Abstract: A bioaffinity separation method is provided along with a solid affinity support utilized in that method. Additionally, immobilized enzyme systems are provided for use as enzyme electrode systems. The support is based on an inert perfluorocarbon polymer carrier with ligands or binders attached to its surface. The ligand, binder or enzyme is preferably modified by attaching a perfluorocarbon anchor group, and the modified ligand, binder or enzyme is attached to the carrier through the anchor group. Methods for preparing such supports and their use in capturing target molecules from samples and in analytical applications are also provided.

Abstract: A method for measuring hematocrit is provided. An electrochemically detectable marker is measured before and after the ratio of red cell volume to plasma volume is decreased. The measured concentrations are used in a mathematical formula to determine hematocrit value.

Abstract: A method for measuring hematocrit is provided. An electrochemically detectable marker is measured before and after the ratio of red cell volume to plasma volume is decreased. The measured concentrations are used in a mathematical formula to determine hematocrit value.