Abstract: The disclosure provides systems and methods for data analysis of experimental data. The analysis can include reference data that are not directly generated from the present experiment, which reference data may be values of the experimental parameters that were either provided by a user, computed by the system with input from a user, or computed by the system without using any input from a user. Another example of such reference data may be information about the instrument, such as the calibration method of the instrument.

Abstract: Pipes or pipelines for transporting sewage, water, slurries, liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons, and the like are interlined with flexible composite tubular lining material. The lining material is matched to the crosswise dimension of the pipe and is adapted to be insertable thereinto and to fit snugly against the inner wall thereof. The lining material comprises a flexible matrix member having a netlike open-meshed configuration, thereby being adapted to receive into its interstices foamable material adapted to expand outwardly upon foaming, into and about irregularities in the wall surface, and to solidify there. The matrix member preferably is extensible lengthwise, and thus reducible in size crosswise, when under axial tension. When released from axial tension, the matrix member recovers to its previous dimensions, except as it may be confined, as against an inside wall of a pipe or pipeline.

Abstract: Pipelines for transporting sewage, water, slurries, liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons, and like materials are interlined with a composite tubular lining having an inner skin layer and a foamed layer contiguous with the inner skin layer. The foamed layer is either contiguous also, along its opposite surface, with the inner wall of the pipe or may be spaced therefrom by an outer skin layer of the composite lining. The lining may be applied either before the pipeline is placed into service or afterward, whether in situ or removed for maintenance or repair. For application in situ the lining is preferably more flexible than will suffice for insertion into new pipes.

Abstract: A sewer pipe, transport pipeline, or other circumferentially enclosed passageway is lined by inserting into and along it a flexible tubular material of given diameter, with its corresponding circumference being less than the inside perimeter of the passageway. The tubular material is a laminate having a dimensionally stable skin layer facing the interior of the passageway and a contiguous layer of a composition foamable to form an expanded cellular structure. After insertion of the tubular material the contiguous layer is foamed to expand cellularly so as to fill the space between the inner skin and the inside wall of the passageway and to solidify in place. The tubular material may have an expansible outer skin layer also.

Abstract: Textile strands are dyed while being bulked or crimped by lengthwise compression. The dyestuff advantageously is supplied in finely divided liquid or preferably solid form and is injected, as by aspiration or by positive pressure methods, into fluid hot enough to vaporize it before such fluid together with such dyestuff comes into contact with strand so treated. Such strand, forwarded with or by flow of hot propellant fluid into a foraminous region in which the strand is confined laterally but from which the fluid may escape except where the strand is compressed into a compact mass, is exposed to the dyestuff by permeation with such fluid. Lateral escape of the propellant fluid is effected, preferably before such exposure, and is utilized to control an operating condition, such as temperature of strand input into and/or speed of removal of strand from the chamber, for improved uniformity of dyeing and bulking or crimping of the strand.

Abstract: Textile strands are bulked or crimped by lengthwise compression, accompanied by flow of propellant fluid, into a foraminous region in which the strand is confined laterally but the fluid may escape except where the strand is compressed into a compact mass. Lateral escape of the propellant fluid is utilized to control an operating condition, such as temperature of strand input into and/or speed of removal of strand from the chamber, for improved uniformity of bulking or crimping.

Abstract: While being fed into a laterally confining region to be retained temporarily and be compressively crimped therein, laterally spaced textile strands are traversed laterally to and fro along the entrance to the region. The resulting uneven cross-sectional distribution of crimped strand accumulation in the region is conductive to separation of individual strands upon exiting from the region.

Abstract: Textile strands are crimped by feeding them with nip rolls into and forwarding them by fluid jets within a laterally confining region terminating in a laterally surrounding fine screen.

Abstract: Package winding of textile strands uninterrupted by transfer from a full to an empty package is accomplished by delaying lateral transfer of the winding strand from a full to an empty package and by picking up a resulting transfer tail of the laterally transferring strand adjacent the end of the empty package. The transfer delay step utilizes a bistable inertial device located to intercept the laterally transferring strand and to be repositioned thereby and to release the strand after momentary inertia-induced delay during which the strand begins to wind onto the empty package. The pickup step utilizes rotary devices located at the spaced adjacent ends of spindles for the respective packages, such device on the spindle of the package to which the strand is transferring being adapted to engage and grip it. The strand is broken or otherwise severed between the pickup device and the full package, thereby enabling the strand to be traversed onto the empty package.

Abstract: Textile yarns or strands are heated, as by contact with hot rolls, and then are crimped, preferably compressively as in a stuffer crimper, after being drawn to increased length if so drawable.

Abstract: Package winding of textile strands uninterrupted by transfer from a full to an empty package is accomplished by delaying lateral transfer of the winding strand from a full to an empty package and by picking up a resulting transfer tail of the laterally transferring strand adjacent the end of the empty package. The transfer delay step utilizes a bistable inertial device located to intercept the laterally transferring strand and to be repositioned thereby and to release the strand after momentary inertia-induced delay during which the strand begins to wind onto the empty package. The pickup step utilizes rotary devices located at the spaced adjacent ends of spindles for the respective packages, such device on the spindle of the package to which the strand is transferring being adapted to engage and grip it. The strand is broken or otherwise severed between the pickup device and the full package, thereby enabling the strand to be traversed onto the empty package.

Abstract: Textile yarns or strands are drawn and crimped under controlled conditions of tension, speed, and temperature, at both input and output stages, with resulting beneficial effects upon the resulting product, by specified apparatus.

Abstract: Textile strands are crimped by feeding them into and forwarding them within a laterally confining region that terminates in a laterally surrounding fine screen with a flared outlet end. The resulting strand-crimping apparatus of stuffer-crimper type utilizes flow of injected fluid to forward or assist in forwarding the crimped strand therethrough.

Abstract: Textile yarns or strands are heated, as by contact with hot rolls, and then are crimped, preferably compressively as in a stuffer crimper, after being drawn to increased length if so drawable.

Abstract: Textile strands are crimped by feeding them into and forwarding them within a laterally confining region that terminates in a laterally surrounding fine screen with a flared outlet end. The resulting strand-crimping apparatus or stuffer-crimper type utilizes flow of injected fluid to forward or assist in forwarding the crimped strand therethrough.

Abstract: Conveyor apparatus for temporary holdup of textile strands, especially crimped strands for setting. Screenlike conveyor belts receive the strand between downwardly converging flights and discharge the strand from between upwardly diverging flights. The conveyor apparatus is housed in a heated steam-fed enclosure.

Abstract: Textile strands are crimped by feeding them with nip rolls into and forwarding them by fluid jets within a laterally confining region terminating in a laterally surrounding fine screen. The resulting nip-jet stuffer-crimper is a new species of strand-crimping apparatus.

Abstract: Conveyor apparatus for temporary holdup of textile strands, especially crimped strands for setting. Screenlike conveyor belts receive the strand between downwardly converging flights and discharge the strand from between upwardly diverging flights. The conveyor apparatus is housed in a heated steam-fed enclosure.

Abstract: Textile strands are compressively crimped by propelling them lengthwise, as by a fluid jet, into a rotating cylindrical chamber having a foraminous surface. Rotation of the chamber aids in collection and temporary retention of the crimped strand until it is withdrawn therefrom at the leading edge of the strand accumulation after about half a revolution. The crimped strand is withdrawn between an edge of the chamber and an adjacent solid surface rotating therewith, as by conical rolls.

Abstract: Conveyor apparatus for temporary holdup of textile strands, especially crimped strands for setting. Screenlike conveyor belts receive the strand between downwardly converging flights and discharge the strand from between upwardly diverging flights. The conveyor apparatus is housed in a heated steam-fed enclosure.