Abstract: A power tool includes a motor, a speed sensor configured to sense a speed of the motor, and a controller connected to the motor and the speed sensor. The controller is configured to provide power to the motor, determine a first command based on the speed of the motor, determine, while in a first operating mode, whether the first command is greater than or equal to a first limit, determine, while in the first operating mode, a PWM duty cycle ratio based on the first limit, determine, while in a second operating mode, whether a parameter command is greater than or equal to a parameter limit, while in the second operating mode and when the parameter command is greater than or equal to the parameter limit, the PWM duty cycle ratio based on the parameter limit, and drive the motor based on the PWM duty cycle ratio.

Abstract: Systems and methods for implementing an electronic clutch in a powered fastener driver. One fastener driver includes a motor, a trigger, a position sensor, a speed sensor, and a controller. The position sensor is configured to sense a position of the lifting assembly. The speed sensor is configured to sense a speed of the motor. The controller is configured to provide power to the motor. The controller is configured to receive speed signals from the speed sensor indicative of the speed of the motor, and determine whether the speed of the motor has dropped by a speed drop threshold within a first period of time. The controller is configured to activate an electronic clutch to electronically brake the motor for a second period of time. In response to the second period of time having passed, the controller is configured to provide power to the motor.

Abstract: Systems and methods for electronically limiting torque in a power tool. One power tool includes a motor, a trigger, and a controller connected to the trigger and the motor. The controller is configured to provide, in response to actuation of the trigger, power to the motor, determine a speed of the motor, activate the electronic clutch, in response to determining that the speed of the motor has dropped by the speed drop threshold within the first period of time, to electronically brake the motor for a second period of time, and provide, in response to the second period of time having passed, power to the motor.

Abstract: A bathtub cleaner assembly includes a cleaner that has a handle portion extending upwardly from a reservoir portion that contains a fluid cleaning solution. A first scrubbing unit is coupled to the reservoir portion of the cleaner to engage a basal wall of the bathtub when the cleaner is positioned in the bathtub. The first scrubbing unit rotates when the first scrubbing unit is turned on to scrub the basal wall of the bathtub. A pair of second scrubbing units is each movably integrated into the reservoir portion of the cleaner to scrub a respective lateral wall of the bathtub when the cleaner is positioned in the bathtub. A spray unit is integrated into the cleaner to spray the fluid cleaning solution onto the first scrubbing unit and the second scrubbing units.

Abstract: A bathtub cleaner assembly includes a cleaner that has a handle portion extending upwardly from a reservoir portion that contains a fluid cleaning solution. A first scrubbing unit is coupled to the reservoir portion of the cleaner to engage a basal wall of the bathtub when the cleaner is positioned in the bathtub. The first scrubbing unit rotates when the first scrubbing unit is turned on to scrub the basal wall of the bathtub. A pair of second scrubbing units is each movably integrated into the reservoir portion of the cleaner to scrub a respective lateral wall of the bathtub when the cleaner is positioned in the bathtub. A spray unit is integrated into the cleaner to spray the fluid cleaning solution onto the first scrubbing unit and the second scrubbing units.

Abstract: Computer-implemented security evaluation methods, security evaluation systems, and articles of manufacture are described. According to one aspect, a computer-implemented security evaluation method includes accessing information regarding a physical architecture and a cyber architecture of a facility, building a model of the facility comprising a plurality of physical areas of the physical architecture, a plurality of cyber areas of the cyber architecture, and a plurality of pathways between the physical areas and the cyber areas, identifying a target within the facility, executing the model a plurality of times to simulate a plurality of attacks against the target by an adversary traversing at least one of the areas in the physical domain and at least one of the areas in the cyber domain, and using results of the executing, providing information regarding a security risk of the facility with respect to the target.

Abstract: Computer-implemented security evaluation methods, security evaluation systems, and articles of manufacture are described. According to one aspect, a computer-implemented security evaluation method includes accessing information regarding a physical architecture and a cyber architecture of a facility, building a model of the facility comprising a plurality of physical areas of the physical architecture, a plurality of cyber areas of the cyber architecture, and a plurality of pathways between the physical areas and the cyber areas, identifying a target within the facility, executing the model a plurality of times to simulate a plurality of attacks against the target by an adversary traversing at least one of the areas in the physical domain and at least one of the areas in the cyber domain, and using results of the executing, providing information regarding a security risk of the facility with respect to the target.

Abstract: Automatic discovery and verification of optical communication links as well as isolation of link failures in an optical communication system.

Abstract: An optical analyzer (14) for performing spectral analysis on an optical beam (18) includes an optical filter (28), a mover (30), an optical launcher (36), and an optical receiver (38). The optical filter (28) includes a filter area (46) that is a narrow band pass type filter having multiple alternative center bandwidths that are distributed along the filter area (46). The mover (30) moves the optical filter (28). The first optical launcher (36) directs the optical beam (18) at the filter area (46) so that the optical beam (18) is near normal incidence to the filter area (46). The optical analyzer (14) can be used to simultaneously monitor multiple optical signals. Additionally, the optical analyzer (14) can include a beam redirector (40) that causes the optical beam (18) to make two passes through the optical filter (28).

Abstract: Method for determining best and worst cases for values of model parameters such as porosity and shale volume fraction generated by non-unique matrix inversion of physical data such as seismic reflection amplitudes. The matrix is diagonalized, and then orthonormal basis vectors associated with insignificant diagonal elements are used to generate upper and lower bounds on the solution. Best and worst case solutions are determined as linear combinations of the null basis vectors, where the expansion coefficients are determined by making a best fit to the upper and lower bounds.

Abstract: Method for constructing an integrated rock physics model that simulates both shale anisotropy and stress-induced anisotropy of clastic rocks. In the model, the total pore volume is divided into three parts according to the estimated shale volume and effective stress: (1) clay-related pores, (2) sand-related pores, and (3) microcracks (mainly in the sand component). The pore space is then partitioned into the clay-related and sand-related pores using a scheme first disclosed by Xu and White in 1995. The model simulates shale anisotropy via the preferred orientation of clay-related pores and stress-induced anisotropy via the preferred orientation of microcracks, which is controlled by the differential stresses. Laboratory measurements or well logs are needed to establish a relationship between crack density and the effective stress.

Abstract: An optical analyzer (14) for performing spectral analysis on an optical beam (18) includes an optical filter (28), a mover (30), an optical launcher (36), and an optical receiver (38). The optical filter (28) includes a filter area (46) that is a narrow band pass type filter having multiple alternative center bandwidths that are distributed along the filter area (46). The mover (30) moves the optical filter (28). The first optical launcher (36) directs the optical beam (18) at the filter area (46) so that the optical beam (18) is near normal incidence to the filter area (46). The optical analyzer (14) can be used to simultaneously monitor multiple optical signals. Additionally, the optical analyzer (14) can include a beam redirector (40) that causes the optical beam (18) to make two passes through the optical filter (28).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biodegradable softener compounds with an acid value of no more than 6.5. A process for making said compound is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biodegradable softener compounds with an acid value of no more than 6.5. A process for making said compound is also provided.

Abstract: To support interleaving of optical channels and to provide sufficient isolation between such interleaved channels, a circulator (60-62) receives, on an optical fiber (16-18), a broadband signal containing a plurality of adjacent channels. The circulator selectively routes the broadband signal through a filter (64, 66) to isolate, on an individual basis, at least one desired channel. A filtered signal, corresponding to the at least one desired channel, is then output from the filter (64-66) and reflected back into the filter by a mirror (68-70) such that the at least one desired channel is subjected to a second filtering process that further improves isolation of the at least one desired channel. Following this second filtering process, the at least one desired channel is applied to the circulator (60-62) for re-inserting into the optical fiber (16-18), as illustrated in FIG. 6.

Abstract: A wafer carrier retaining ring includes a first annular surface that contacts a polishing surface during a polishing process and an inner diameter surface adjoining the first annular surface thereby forming a first annular corner. The first annular corner has a radius in the range of from no less than about 0.010 inches to less than a radius that would result in damage to a wafer being polished. In another embodiment of the invention, a wafer carrier retaining ring includes an inner diameter surface and a second annular surface adjoining said inner diameter surface thereby forming a second annular corner. The second annular corner has a radius of no less than 0.030 inches. In a further embodiment of the invention, a wafer carrier retaining ring is formed of a ceramic material and has a first annular surface having a surface finish of no greater than 2 microinches rms.

Abstract: Automatic discovery and verification of optical communication links as well as isolation of link failures in an optical communication system.

Abstract: A wafer carrier retaining ring includes a first annular surface that contacts a polishing surface during a polishing process and an inner diameter surface adjoining the first annular surface thereby forming a first annular corner. The first annular corner has a radius in the range of from no less than about 0.010 inches to less than a radius that would result in damage to a wafer being polished. In another embodiment of the invention, a wafer carrier retaining ring includes an inner diameter surface and a second annular surface adjoining said inner diameter surface thereby forming a second annular corner. The second annular corner has a radius of no less than 0.030 inches. In a further embodiment of the invention, a wafer carrier retaining ring is formed of a ceramic material and has a first annular surface having a surface finish of no greater than 2 microinches rms.

Abstract: A fast means of detecting that a fiber has been disconnected at one end of a bidirectional optical amplifier by monitoring for several signature effects simultaneously. Upon detection of a loss of signal, the pump laser in the corresponding direction is shut off quickly to prevent oscillation from occurring should the other end of the amplifier be subsequently disconnected.