Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of hydraulic fluids in plastic injection molding processes. Thereby it was surprisingly found that the use of hydraulic fluids with the right combination of physical parameters like the viscosity grade, the viscosity index, the density and the dispersancy allows for significant energy savings in plastic injection molding processes (PIM). The PIM process is an industrial process to manufacture plastic parts at well controlled temperatures, pressures and cycle times. The energy consumption of the process became more important over the last years, however, other parameters like process stability and accuracy of plastic part parameters as well as machine protection and long oil drain intervals have to be satisfying.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a diode, a semiconductor crystal wafer is used to produce a p-n or n-p junction, which extends in planar fashion across the top side of a semiconductor crystal wafer. Separation edges form perpendicularly to the top side of the semiconductor crystal wafer, which edges extend across the p-n or n-p junction. The separation of the semiconductor crystal wafer is achieved in that, starting from a disturbance, a fissure is propagated by local heating and local cooling of the semiconductor crystal wafer. The separation fissure thus formed extends along crystal planes of the semiconductor crystal, which avoids the formation of defects in the area of the p-n or n-p junction.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a diode, a semiconductor crystal wafer is used to produce a p-n or n-p junction, which extends in planar fashion across the top side of a semiconductor crystal wafer. Separation edges form perpendicularly to the top side of the semiconductor crystal wafer, which edges extend across the p-n or n-p junction. The separation of the semiconductor crystal wafer is achieved in that, starting from a disturbance, a fissure is propagated by local heating and local cooling of the semiconductor crystal wafer. The separation fissure thus formed extends along crystal planes of the semiconductor crystal, which avoids the formation of defects in the area of the p-n or n-p junction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a starting material for producing a sintered connection. In order to avoid the formation of cracks in the joining partners in the case of fluctuating thermal loading, the starting material comprises second particles 20 in addition to metallic first particles 10, wherein the second particles 20 at least proportionately contain a particle core material which has a coefficient of thermal linear expansion ? at 20° C. which is less than the coefficient of thermal linear expansion ? at 20° C. of the metal or of the metals of the first particles in metallic form, and wherein the D50 value of the second particles 20 is greater than or equal to half the D50 value of the first particles 10 and less than or equal to two times the D50 value of the first particles 10. In addition, the present invention relates to a corresponding sintered connection 100?, to an electronic circuit 70 and also to a process for forming a thermally and/or electrically conductive sintered connection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a starting material for producing a sintered join. In order to avoid the formation of cracks in the case of fluctuating thermal loading, the starting material comprises second particles 20, in addition to metallic first particles 10, which at least proportionately contain elemental silicon and/or silicon dioxide. In addition, the present invention relates to the use of elemental silicon and/or silicon dioxide for reducing the coefficient of thermal linear expansion ? of a starting material 100 of a sintered join 100? or of a sintered join 100?, in particular in a sintered paste, a sintered powder or a sintered material preform. Furthermore, the present invention relates to sintered joins 100?, to electronic circuits 70 and also to processes for forming a thermally and/or electrically conductive sintered join.

Abstract: A catalyst composition includes a compound having the general formula: {RA}(?){QR?k}(+)or the precursors thereof, wherein R is a nonfluorinated, partially fluorinated, or perfluorinated alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl or aralkyl, A is an acid- or acid-derivative anion, Q is phosphorous, sulfur, nitrogen, arsenic, or antimony, and each R? is hydrogen or an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or alkenyl group, k is the valence of Q; and optionally (c) an alcohol of the formula: R2—OH, wherein R2 is an alkyl group which can be fluorinated. Also provided are curable and cured fluoropolymer compositions involving such a catalyst.

Abstract: A composition of a fluoropolymer comprising interpolymerized units of nitrogen-containing cure site monomer and a catalyst comprising a compound having the formula: wherein HA is an acid, each R1, R2, and R3 is independently a C1-C20 alkyl group, which may be cyclic or heterocyclic, or Rf(CH2)n— wherein Rf is a C1-C8 linear or branched and at least partially fluorinated, and x is 1 to 4, and one R group may be a bond to another R group such that the nitrogen is bonded to or part of an alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, or aromatic group. This may further comprise a catalyst composition comprising a compound of the formula R1C(OR2)?NH, and salts thereof, where each R1 and R2 is, independently, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, or cycloalkenyl. Also provided are a method of making a fluoropolymer composition and articles prepared from the compositions.

Abstract: Horizontal, negative pressure centrifugal separator apparatus (48, 248, 348, 448, 548) is provided for separating particulate material from an air stream that exhausts from the outlet of a horizontal, industrial size, rotary drum dryer (32). The centrifugal separator is especially adapted to be connected to the negative pressure inlet of a primary fan (42) which pulls large volumes of air through the rotary drum dryer. The separator apparatus includes wall structure which defines two aligned primary spiral separation plenum chambers (e.g. 78, 80) joined to an intermediate spiral discharge plenum chamber (e.g. 82), all of which intercommunicate. A pair of oppositely facing plenum chamber divider members each having a central aperture therein are mounted in the plenum chambers on opposite sides of the discharge plenum chamber and function as pressure regain stacks.

Abstract: A single pass, multiple stage, rotary drum heat exchange dryer (22) is provided for drying products such as distillers grains and includes a tubular shell (64) with a moist product inlet (66), an opposed dried product outlet (70), and an internal drying chamber (78). The chamber (78) includes a convection drying first stage (80), and conductive drying final curing stage (82) an intermediate stage (84); the stage (84) is subdivided into a plurality of preferably contiguous drying zones (86-92). The zones (86-92) include individual flighting assemblies (164, 214, 226, 234) which are of increasing density and present progressively increasing heat transfer ratios. Preferably, one of the initial zones has a heat transfer ratio of from about 1.5-2.5 ft−1, whereas another of the zones closer to the final stage has a heat transfer of from about 2.75-3.75 ft−1.

Abstract: Horizontal, negative pressure centrifugal separator apparatus (48, 248, 348, 448, 548) is provided for separating particulate material from an air stream that exhausts from the outlet of a horizontal, industrial size, rotary drum dryer (32). The centrifugal separator is especially adapted to be connected to the negative pressure inlet of a primary fan (42) which pulls large volumes of air through the rotary drum dryer. The separator apparatus includes wall structure which defines two aligned primary spiral separation plenum chambers (e.g. 78, 80) joined to an intermediate spiral discharge plenum chamber (e.g. 82), all of which intercommunicate. A pair of oppositely facing plenum chamber divider members each having a central aperture therein are mounted in the plenum chambers on opposite sides of the discharge plenum chamber and function as pressure regain stacks.

Abstract: A single pass, multiple stage, rotary drum heat exchange dryer (22) is provided for drying products such as distillers grains and includes a tubular shell (64) with a moist product inlet (66), an opposed dried product outlet (70), and an internal drying chamber (78). The chamber (78) includes a convection drying first stage (80), and conductive drying final curing stage (82) an intermediate stage (84); the stage (84) is subdivided into a plurality of preferably contiguous drying zones (86-92). The zones (86-92) include individual flighting assemblies (164, 214, 226, 234) which are of increasing density and present progressively increasing heat transfer ratios. Preferably, one of the initial zones has a heat transfer ratio of from about 1.5-2.5 ft−1, whereas another of the zones closer to the final stage has a heat transfer of from about 2.75-3.75 ft−1.