Abstract: A distributed modular input/output system includes a primary wireless device adapted to be operatively connected to an associated industrial controller. A secondary wireless device is physically disconnected from the primary wireless device. The secondary wireless device is operatively connected to the primary wireless device by a primary wireless backplane link. At least one input/output module is operatively connected the secondary wireless device. An associated field device can be connected to the at least one input/output module for communication with the associated industrial controller via the secondary wireless device, the primary wireless backplane link, and the primary wireless device. Typically, a plurality of the secondary wireless devices are physically disconnected from the primary wireless device and each includes one or more of the input/output modules operably connected thereto.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for redundancy in machine or process control systems provide redundant communication adapters located with the groups of I/O modules, so that if the first communication adapter faults or becomes unavailable, a second communication adapter will perform all of the necessary functions of the first adapter. The adapters are connected to a multiplexing module for communicating input data from the I/O modules to the communication adapters, for exchanging initialization data with the first communication adapter and the second communication adapter to initialize the redundant mode of operation and for monitoring communication of the first communication adapter and the second communication adapter on the network to start up the second adapter as the primary adapter for communicating both input data and output data with the I/O modules.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an electrically isolated MEMS device having an outer stationary MEMS element and an inner movable MEMS element is provided that does not use a sacrificial layer. Rather, a pair of spacers are defined on the outer portions of the upper surface of a conductive wafer, and an insulating material is deposited thereon. The spacers are attached to a substrate to define an internal void therein. The wafer is then patterned to form the outer MEMS element as well as a conductive member for the inner MEMS element, separated from the outer MEMS element by a gap. A portion of the insulating layer that is disposed in the gap is then removed, thereby releasing the inner MEMS element from the stationary MEMS element.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) strain gauge includes at least one flexible arm that can be caused to oscillate. Transverse strain on the arm changes the resonant frequency of the arm, providing an indication of the transverse strain of the substrate.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device is used to transfer power from a source generator to a power generator that delivers electrical power to a load, while maintaining electrical isolation between the source generator and power generator for size critical applications where transformers or coupling capacitors would not be practical, but where electrical isolation is desired.

Abstract: In a MEMS device employing a beam supported by transverse arms, potential bowing of the transverse arms caused by fabrication processes, temperature or local self-heating from resistive losses is accommodated by flexible terminations of the transverse arms. Alternatively, this bowing is controlled so as to provide selective biasing to the beam or mechanical advantage in the sensing of beam motion.

Abstract: A passive isolator may fit between two serial network cables to convert a standard serial network to a serial network suitable for use in hazardous environments.