Abstract: An optics-integrated confinement apparatus system comprises a confinement apparatus chip having a confinement apparatus formed thereon and having at least one apparatus optical element disposed and/or formed thereon.

Abstract: A low loss silicon nitride film is formed by depositing a silicon nitride film on a substrate and annealing the silicon nitride film for at least ten hours at a temperature of at least 400° C. to cause the silicon nitride film to become a low loss silicon nitride film. The low loss silicon nitride film has an optical loss of less than 1 dB per cm at a wavelength of 488 nm.

Abstract: An apparatus for towing cargo behind a watercraft that includes a floating assembly for towing behind the watercraft and comprising a frame and at least one floatation device mounted on the frame. The apparatus further includes a linking assembly mounted on the floating assembly for linking the floating assembly to the watercraft. The linking assembly comprises a pair of longitudinal linking elements, with each of the linking elements having a forward end and a rear end. The rearward end of each of the linking elements is mounted on the floating assembly and extends forwardly from the floating assembly for mounting on the watercraft.

Abstract: An interpolator for enlarging or reducing a digital image includes an interpolation coefficient memory containing interpolation coefficients representing a one dimension interpolation kernel. A row interpolator receives image pixel values, retrieves interpolation coefficients from the memory, and produces interpolated pixel values by interpolating in a row direction. A column interpolator receives multiple rows of interpolated pixel values from the row interpolator, retrieves interpolation coefficients from the memory, and produces rows of interpolated pixel values by interpolating in a column direction.