Abstract: A method for forming a guide for a top drive unit includes connecting a lower track member to a lower mast section and connecting an upper track member to an upper mast section and telescoped with the lower track section. A slider is slidably positioned about the upper track member so the slider is movable along the upper track member. The slider has a lateral cross-sectional profile substantially the same size and shape as a lateral cross-sectional profile of the lower track member. The skate is slidably positioned about the lower track member to be movable along the lower track member and onto the slider. The skate travels along the upper track member via the slider. The skate is connectable to a top drive unit so the top drive unit is movable along the lower track member and the upper track member.

Abstract: A method for forming a guide for a top drive unit includes connecting a lower track member to a lower mast section and connecting an upper track member to an upper mast section and telescoped with the lower track section. A slider is slidably positioned about the upper track member so the slider is movable along the upper track member. The slider has a lateral cross-sectional profile substantially the same size and shape as a lateral cross-sectional profile of the lower track member. The skate is slidably positioned about the lower track member to be movable along the lower track member and onto the slider. The skate travels along the upper track member via the slider. The skate is connectable to a top drive unit so the top drive unit is movable along the lower track member and the upper track member.

Abstract: A guide for a top drive unit includes a lower track member connected to a lower mast section and an upper track member connected to an upper mast section and telescoped with the lower track section. A slider is slidably positioned about the upper track member so the slider is movable along the upper track member. The slider has a lateral cross-sectional profile substantially the same size and shape as a lateral cross-sectional profile of the lower track member. The skate is slidably positioned about the lower track member to be movable along the lower track member and onto the slider. The skate travels along the upper track member via the slider. The skate is connectable to a top drive unit so the top drive unit is movable along the lower track member and the upper track member.

Abstract: A guide for a top drive unit includes a lower track member connected to a lower mast section and an upper track member connected to an upper mast section and telescoped with the lower track section. A slider is slidably positioned about the upper track member so the slider is movable along the upper track member. The slider has a lateral cross-sectional profile substantially the same size and shape as a lateral cross-sectional profile of the lower track member. The skate is slidably positioned about the lower track member to be movable along the lower track member and onto the slider. The skate travels along the upper track member via the slider. The skate is connectable to a top drive unit so the top drive unit is movable along the lower track member and the upper track member.

Abstract: A combustion chamber may include a first surface and a second surface interconnected by a wall forming a chamber having a central axis. The first surface may define an exhaust opening and the second surface defining a pilot opening, wherein the exhaust opening and the pilot opening align along the central axis. A plurality of inlet ports may be configured to deliver air to the chamber. A plurality of fuel ports may be arranged on an inside of the second surface to deliver fuel to the chamber. The air flow from the inlet ports and fuel from the fuel ports may oppose each other to create a vortex of product proximal to the second surface.

Abstract: A combustion chamber may include a first surface and a second surface interconnected by a wall forming a chamber having a central axis. The first surface may define an exhaust opening and the second surface defining a pilot opening, wherein the exhaust opening and the pilot opening align along the central axis. A plurality of inlet ports may be configured to deliver air to the chamber. A plurality of fuel ports may be arranged on an inside of the second surface to deliver fuel to the chamber. The air flow from the inlet ports and fuel from the fuel ports may oppose each other to create a vortex of product proximal to the second surface.

Abstract: The system of the invention analyzes 24-hour volume and occupancy data from traffic system detectors for intervals of fifteen minutes. Alternatively ATR (automatic traffic recorder) traffic count data may be used. However, there is a lesser ability to plan for congestion conditions if ATR data is used. The system utilizes three modules, referred to as MAKETIME™, PLANEED™, and SIGCOMP™. The results of processing are three written reports, which are used to develop the most appropriate number of signal timing plans and their schedules for timing traffic signals.

Abstract: A method for preventing bulges in liquid packaging. Disclosed is a mechanical process for squeezing the carton during the carton sealing process. When sealed, a partial vacuum is created, thus making the filled and sealed carton side walls concave. Over an extended period of time, the vacuum will release to the point of having a straight wall carton.

Abstract: A brick type container, particularly adapted for aseptic packaging of product such as potable liquids, is formed having optimum dimensions and location of a pour spout fitment thereon. The dimensions of the pour spout components are chosen for optimum performance. The top of the container carries a dispensing opening covered by a severable or frangible extrusion coating or other type of membrane. The fitment is applied to the container by applying it while the container is encased in a pocket on a conveyor, the pocket sides being rigid. The fitment includes a hollow cutter having cutting teeth on its lower periphery, the cutter also functioning as part of a pour spout. The toothed end of the cutter severs the membrane to permit dispensing of product from the carton.

Abstract: A paperboard container of generally semi-rigid construction and formed from a unitary blank of paperboard folded in the general shape of a U. The interior surface of the container is coated with a thermoplastic polymer barrier layer, the container having a manually openable, normally closed pour spout at one upper edge portion, and also having a recessed or raised bottom. The container is particularly adapted for packaging granular, dry material such as corn flakes, pretzels, and the like. Due to its construction and the thermoplastic barrier layer, the usual inner pouch which contains dry cereal is omitted, thereby effecting savings in both material and in assembly of the final package. In one embodiment, an opening is provided for carrying the package, the opening located at the top of the container. In another embodiment one side wall of the panel is provided with an extension to serve as a reclosure flap.

Abstract: A frangible pour spout construction is improved by the addition of reinforcing webs at the upper plug portion. These webs function to localize the upward pulling force to thereby concentrate the rupture force at the frangible connection between the upper plug and lower pour spout portions. This insures that the pulling force is concentrated so that the frangible connection will rupture prior to the entire fitment being pulled off of the container to which the fitment is secured. The upper plug, later to function as a cap or stopper for the lower spout portion, is provided with a pull ring. The entire construction is die molded, as for example of polyethylene, with the pull ring being molded substantially at 90.degree. from its flat or storage position. A pair of lugs carried by the upper plug holds the pull ring down in its storage position.

Abstract: A bottle carrier having a central or upper panel of paperboard and at least one lower panel or layer. Each panel has a plurality of bottle neck receiving openings. The periphery of each opening of each panel is defined by the tips of a plurality of radially extending fingers, the tips of the fingers of the upper panel engaging beneath a portion of an abutment associated with each bottle neck. Each finger is bent upwardly at about 45 degrees after insertion of a bottle into a respective opening. Each upper panel radial finger is provided at its widest portion with a base slit extending through the paperboard. Another and intermediate slit is located about half way along the length of each upper panel finger, the intermediate slit also extending through the paperboard. The base slit permits bending of each finger upwardly upon bottle insertion, while the intermediate slit facilitates removal of each bottle from its respective opening.

Abstract: A stackable can carrier is formed from a unitary paperboard blank. The carrier compensates for stacking problems caused by smaller diameter tops and bottoms on present cans, the latter termed 202 cans which have a tendency to rock with respect to each other when stacked. An otherwise conventional can carrier is provided with foldable, lateral flaps having pairs of cuts lines which define ears. The latter are glued to the carrier top surface. The flaps overlie respective can top receiving openings in the carrier less than one half of the diameter of the can openings. Upon stacking of the carriers and cans therein for storage or for display, the carrier provides improved stability.

Abstract: A flat paperboard bottle carrier is provided with an integral and depending bottle divider panel which makes the carrier particularly useful for carrying glass bottles. The divider flap extends between adjacent pairs of glass bottles and prevents glass clinking sound or banging together of the glass bottles as they are carried by a consumer. The carrier is provided with a finger hole for insertion of the fingers for carrying the carrier, with the longitudinal axis of the finger hole lying in the plane of the divider. Three variations in form are disclosed.

Abstract: A bottle carrier is formed of two superposed panels of paperboard having a plurality of bottle neck receiving openings and a handle sandwiched between the panels. Each opening has a plurality of radially extending fingers whose ends engage beneath a portion of an abutment associated with each bottle neck. Each finger is bent upwardly at about 45 degrees after insertion of a bottle into a respective opening. Each finger is provided with a microcut line on its upper surface, each microcut line extending about 10-50% through the paperboard. Such microcut lines facilitate removal of the bottles from the carrier by permitting easier rupture. The handle has a manually accessible flexible strip at the upper surface of the uppermost panel or section, one end of the strip being folded prior to use.

Abstract: A paperboard container of generally semi-rigid construction and formed from a unitary blank of paperboard folded in the general shape of a U. The interior surface of the container is coated with a thermoplastic polymer barrier layer, the container having a manually openable, normally closed pour spout at one upper edge portion, and also having a recessed or raised bottom. The container is particularly adapted for packaging granular, dry material such as corn flakes, pretzels, and the like. Due to its construction and the thermoplastic barrier layer, the usual inner pouch which contains dry cereal is omitted, thereby effecting savings in both material and in assembly of the final package. In one embodiment, an opening is provided for carrying the package, the opening located at the top of the container. In another embodiment one side wall of the panel is provided with an extension to serve as a reclosure flap.

Abstract: A package particularly useful for either conventional oven or microwave heating of refrigerated or frozen foodstuffs includes a lower paperboard tray, an upper frangible paperboard cover, and an intermediate compartmentalized plastic food tray. The bottom of the plastic tray food compartments rest on the tray bottom. The plastic tray side edges are clamped between laterally extending side flanges on the lower tray and edges of the top cover. The top cover is removed by ripping along tear lines. After consumption of the food, the plastic tray is readily removed to thereby facilitate separation for recycling. The package construction also facilitates the use of relatively thin plastic for forming the compartmentalized plastic tray because the weight of the foodstuffs in the plastic tray components is partially borne by the lower tray.

Abstract: A gas barrier folding carton formed from a unitary paperboard blank (10) having a gas impermeable polymer layer (52) such as EVOH, nylon, or foil extruded on or laminated to one surface of the blank, except for certain adhesive (56, 58) coated areas. Two opposite side edges of the blank are seamed to form a flattened tube (13) having top and bottom closure flaps (30, 34, 36, 38, 40). One of the major closure flaps (36) at each top and bottom container end is provided with spaced abhesive areas (58), with areas of the two minor closure flaps (34, 38) also provided with abhesive (56). Upon folding the closure flaps at each end, the folding sequence pulls the barrier film (52) away from the abhesive (56, 58) areas and subsequent heat sealing produces hermetic sealing of the carton. This process and carton construction may be employed with conventional gas purging of the container interior by an inert gas before final sealing.

Abstract: A paperboard tray which resists warping is formed of a unitary blank, the blank having a polymer coating on its tray interior forming surface. The polymer coating is typically a heat resistant, non-stick, FDA approved polymer applied by extrusion coating. The upstanding sidewalls of the tray are joined to respective peripheral portions of the tray base through curved score lines on the tray interior surface. Curved cut lines on the exterior tray surface are each aligned with respective curved score lines on the tray interior surface, the cut lines extending 75 to 90 percent through the blank. The curved score lines and their complementary cut lines may be curved either convex outwardly or concavely inwardly with respect to the tray base.

Abstract: A container is provided with a pour spout fitment. The fitment carries a flange which secures the fitment to the container, the flange surrounding a dispensing opening in the container. The pour spout is normally externally closed by a screw cap threaded thereon. A frangible membrane normally spans and internally closes the dispensing opening. A hollow piercing insert is positioned within the pour spout lumen, the lower edge of the insert being serrated to define cutting teeth. The screw cap is removed and the piercing element pushed downwardly to thereby rupture the frangible membrane and permit dispensing from the container. The interior of the spout is provided with a plurality of axially spaced, inwardly extending ribs which cooperate with outwardly extending protrusions on the piercing insert to thus define a plurality of discrete axial locations of the piercing insert relative to the spout.