Abstract: A system can comprise a first window pane configured at a first position in a semitransparent and uniform structure. The system can also include a first substrate configured with a first transparent conductive oxide (TCO) contact layer, a hole transport (HTL) layer and a first perovskite layer, wherein the first TCO contact layer, the HTL layer, and first perovskite layer are positioned at a set distance away from the first window pane in the semitransparent and uniform structure. The HTL layer includes oxides, or iodides, or organic materials. Further, the system can include a second substrate directly opposite to the first substrate, and configured with a second TCO contact layer, an electron transport (ETL) layer, and a second perovskite layer, wherein the first perovskite layer and the second perovskite layer are fused together in the semitransparent and uniform structure. The ETL layer includes oxides or organic materials.

Abstract: A system can comprise a first window pane configured at a first position in a semitransparent and uniform structure. The system can also include a first substrate configured with a first transparent conductive oxide (TCO) contact layer, a hole transport (HTL) layer and a first perovskite layer, wherein the first TCO contact layer, the HTL layer, and first perovskite layer are positioned at a set distance away from the first window pane in the semitransparent and uniform structure. The HTL layer includes oxides, or iodides, or organic materials. Further, the system can include a second substrate directly opposite to the first substrate, and configured with a second TCO contact layer, an electron transport (ETL) layer, and a second perovskite layer, wherein the first perovskite layer and the second perovskite layer are fused together in the semitransparent and uniform structure. The ETL layer includes oxides or organic materials.

Abstract: A confocal scanning system for the multispectral imaging of fluorescence from a tissue sample based on time domain mapping of spectral components of the fluorescence using coated fiber tips disposed on multimode optical fibers. A fiber grating spectrometer based on two serial arrays of coated fiber tips disposed on multi-mode fiber, and delay lines between them provide spectral slices of the florescence. The coated fiber tips are arranged such that the shortest wavelength spectral components are reflected first and the longest wavelength components last. Fiber-based delay lines delay the reflections from each successive fiber tip such that they are uniformly separated in time, and in the order of its spectral wavelength number. The spectral bins are used to colorize the images to show the presence of abnormal tissue at cellular spatial resolution. A second scan with increased laser flux can destroy the diseased tissue revealed by the first scan.

Abstract: The present invention is a confocal scanning system for the multispectral imaging of fluorescence from a tissue sample based on the mapping of the spectral components of the fluorescence into the time domain using coated fiber tips disposed on multimode optical fibers. A fiber grating spectrometer based on two serial arrays of coated fiber tips disposed on multi-mode fiber, and delay lines between them provide spectral slices of the florescence. The coated fiber tips are arranged such that the shortest wavelength spectral components are reflected first and the longest wavelength components last. Fiber-based delay lines delay the reflections from each successive fiber tip such that they are uniformly separated in time, and in the order of its spectral wavelength number. The spectral bins are used to colorize the images to show the presence of abnormal tissue at cellular spatial resolution. A second scan with increased laser flux can destroy the diseased tissue revealed by the first scan.

Abstract: A multi-spectral stereoscopic display system is disclosed. A left-eye image may be presented and viewed via a first set of spectral bands. A right-eye image may be presented and viewed via a second set of spectral bands. The two sets of spectral bands may have low or no overlap with each other. The color balances of the left-eye image and the right-eye image may be almost matching or identical. The left-eye image and the right-eye image may each be a full-color image with neutral color balance, even without modifying the color balance of original image content. Thin-film optical interference filters may provide pass-bands corresponding to these sets of spectral bands. The filter design may lead to an inexpensive viewing apparatus that can be mass-produced using inexpensive glass or polymer substrates. This system does not rely on polarization techniques and may be used with a white or metallic display screen.

Abstract: A multi-spectral stereoscopic display system with additive and subtractive techniques is disclosed. Stereographic images may be presented and viewed via two sets of spectral bands that may have low or no overlap with each other. The color balances of a left-eye image and a right-eye image may be almost matching or identical. The left-eye image and the right-eye image may each be a full-color image with neutral color balance, even without modifying the color balance of original image content. Additive and subtractive techniques may provide spectral content within these sets of spectral bands. Subtractive techniques may include spectral filters. Additive techniques may include multi-spectral illuminants. An arrangement of a set of spectral bands may correspond to natural resonant characteristics. The spectral bands may be determined independently of conventional RGB designation of spectral bands.

Abstract: An optical filter for providing an enhanced image. The filter may comprise at least one substrate, layers of a low refractive index material and layers of a high refractive index material. The layers are stacked so that the filter blocks passbands at 490 nm and 590 nm as well as other image-confusing radiation. Light which is transmitted by the filter provides an enhanced image for viewing by the human eye as well as nonhuman detectors.

Abstract: A prosthesis is provided to replace an excised lung, comprising a hollow balloon-like structure formed generally in the shape of the lung, a filling tube, and a filling port. This prosthesis occupies the chest cavity left vacant after pneumonectomy to inhibit mediastinal shifting and overdistension and displacement of the remaining lung and other organs. This prosthesis also compliantly supports the heart and prevents the heart from contacting and adhering to other structures in the chest cavity. The volume of the prosthesis can be adjusted subsequent to implantation without subsequent surgery through a subcutaneous septal port. A combination of gases is selected to fill the prosthesis to minimize the volume change due to transfer of gas across the balloon membrane. Also provided are a method for preventing mediastinal shift and overdistension and displacement of organs following pneumonectomy using the prosthesis of this invention, and a method of making the prosthesis.