Abstract: An apparatus for electroplating a metal on a semiconductor substrate with high control over plated thickness on a die-level includes an ionically resistive ionically permeable element (e.g., a plate with channels), where the element allows for flow of ionic current through the element towards the substrate during electroplating, where the element includes a plurality of regions, each region having a pattern of varied local resistance, and where the pattern of varied local resistance repeats in at least two regions. An electroplating method includes providing a semiconductor substrate to an electroplating apparatus having an ionically resistive ionically permeable element or a grid-like shield having a pattern correlating with a pattern of features on the substrate, and plating metal, while the pattern on the substrate remains spatially aligned with the pattern of the element or the grid-like shield for at least a portion of the total electroplating time.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a closed loop elastic strap having at least a primary thickness, a width and an adjustable length. The length is adjustable by feeding the elastic strap through a buckle with one end of the elastic strap attached to a loop with another portion of the elastic strap fed through the same loop and the other end of the elastic strap attached to a portion of the same buckle. The closed loop elastic strap can be stretched around (but not limited to) the end of a picnic table to hold a tablecloth in place or around the top of (but not limited to) a beach chair or lounge chair to hold a towel in place during windy or adverse conditions.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a closed loop elastic strap having at least a primary thickness, a width and an adjustable length. The length is adjustable by feeding the elastic strap through a buckle with one end of the elastic strap attached to a loop with another portion of the elastic strap fed through the same loop and the other end of the elastic strap attached to a portion of the same buckle. The closed loop elastic strap can be stretched around (but not limited to) the end of a picnic table to hold a tablecloth in place or around the top of (but not limited to) a beach chair or lounge chair to hold a towel in place during windy or adverse conditions.

Abstract: The invention concerns a starting system for a gas turbine aircraft engine which automatically controls the sequencing of events needed during engine startup. The control schedules fuel in a manner which avoids stalls, and, further, takes corrective actions when stalls occur, both on the ground and in the air. The control detects failures in the starter energy source, which can cause an abortive start and damaging temperatures. The control also provides unique scheduling of fuel in severely cold conditions.