Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a unique phosphation reagent and to a simple, single-stage process utilizing this reagent to produce alkyl phosphate esters having high monoalkyl phosphate content in combination with low dialkyl phosphate, trialkyl phosphate, phosphoric acid and residual alcohol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a simple, single-stage process to produce alkyl phosphate esters having high monoalkyl phosphate content in combination with low dialkyl phosphate, trialkyl phosphate, phosphoric acid and other nonionic (usually residual alcohol) components in which a unique phosphation reagent having a preferred effective equivalent polyphosphoric acid concentration of 121-123% is produced and utilized in-situ.

Abstract: This invention relates to first stage phosphation processes which utilize a unique phosphation reagent that esterifies ethoxylated alcohols under mild reaction conditions, thus realizing reduced initial 1,4-dioxane production followed by formation of a dioxane-water azeotrope and the vacuum stripping at above about 100 torr of the azeotrope. This easily achieves product 1,4-dioxane levels below about 15 ppm based on the total ester weight.

Abstract: A chemical complex of a biocidal agent such as ortho-phenylphenol and chlorpyrifos and a non-ionic polymer of 2-ethyl oxazoline (PEOx). The complex is compatible with and contained in a plastic film such as polyethylene, polypropylene and poly(vinyl chloride) and the product is characterized by a reduced rate of release of the biocide without adversely affecting either the properties of the biocide or the film itself. The biocide-impregnated plastic finds utility in bags and in packing used to inhibit fungicidal growth and to prevent attack by insects and bacteria during growing, drying, packing, shipping, storage and marketing of fruits and vegetables.

Abstract: Novel nitrile functional glycol ether acetals that are useful components of hydraulic pressure transmission fluids are described.

Abstract: Bicyclic amide ketals such as 1-aza-4,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes have utility as water or acid scavengers for addition to functional fluids.

Abstract: Novel cyano- and hydroxyl-substituted cyclic compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein B, R, R' and R" are named substituents are disclosed.

Abstract: The distillative separation of a mixture of glycerine and glycerine-based acetal or ketal transesterification products is aided by addition of a borate ester-forming compound to the mixture prior to distillation.

Abstract: Hydraulic fluids having high wet equilibrium reflux boiling points, good chemical stability and other desirable characteristics are made from certain cyano-substituted derivatives of cyclic ketals or acetals of the formula ##STR1## wherein A, B and R are specified radicals.

Abstract: High yields of the title adducts are obtained from an essentially salt-free process comprising contacting at subambient temperature cyclopentadiene or a substituted cyclopentadiene with an aliphatic or an inertly-substituted aliphatic ester of an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as methyl acrylate, in the presence of a catalytic amount of base, such as tri-n-butylmethylammonium hydroxide. A novel class of Diels-Alder adducts are readily obtained by warming these Michael adducts; polyester compositions comprising the Diels-Alder adducts demonstrate good physical properties.