Abstract: An improved camera apparatus for three-dimensional photography conventionally includes a stationary frame, a camera body with a film holder for holding photographic film in a film plane and a controllable shutter for exposing film held in the film holder, and a focusable lens assembly attached to the body e.g. by bellows.

Abstract: Substrate transfer apparatus for a vacuum coating or processing system of the multiple compartment type, comprising a rectangular platform for carrying substrates to be coated, the platform being moveable through the compartments over and between supporting and guide rollers respectively, and having a gear rack on one side extending in the direction of motion, and driving means for the platform including an electric variable speed d.c. motor connected respectively, through individual one-way running clutches to a plurality of pinion gears, each pinion gear being independently biased for separately meshing with the rack, and limit switches positioned within the compartments and operable by the platform for controlling the electric motor.

Abstract: Mechanism for lifting a substrate holder from its carrier platform and rotating the holder during substrate coating, comprises a main assembly including a permanent magnet and concentric stripping ring, an actuating piston for lowering the assembly so that the magnet and stripping ring overlie a magnetic part of the substrate holder, and for raising the assembly with coupled magnet and holder above the carrier, a spring belt transmission for rotating the magnet and holder, an auxiliary actuating piston separately connected to the magnet within the main assembly whereby upon lowering of the main assembly with holder to the carrier platform after substrate rotation, the holder can be stripped from the magnet by independent vertical actuation of the magnet piston relative to the overlying stripping ring.