Abstract: A cap may be formed anisotropically over a photoresist feature. For example, a material, such as a polymer, may be coated over the photoresist feature. If the coated material is photoactive, the cap may be grown preferentially in the vertical direction, creating high aspect ratio structures in some embodiments of the present invention.

Abstract: A method including introducing a precursor in the presence of a circuit substrate, and forming a film including a reaction product of the precursor on the substrate, wherein the precursor includes a molecule comprising a primary species of the film and a modifier. A method including introducing a precursor in the presence of a circuit substrate, the precursor including a primary species and a film modifier as a single source, and forming a film on the circuit substrate. An apparatus including a semiconductor substrate, and a film on a surface of the semiconductor substrate, the film including a reaction product of a precursor including a molecule comprising a primary species and a modifier.

Abstract: A cap may be formed anisotropically over a photoresist feature. For example, a material, such as a polymer, may be coated over the photoresist feature. If the coated material is photoactive, the cap may be grown preferentially in the vertical direction, creating high aspect ratio structures in some embodiments of the present invention.

Abstract: A composition including a first moiety; and a different second moiety capable of harvesting energy from an external source, wherein the second moiety is positioned such that energy harvested at the second moiety may be transferred to the first moiety. An article of manufacture including a film including a first moiety and a different second moiety capable of harvesting energy from an external source, wherein the second moiety is positioned such that collectively the first and second moieties have an electron capture cross-section greater than the electron capture cross-section of the first moiety alone. A method including forming a film on a substrate including a first moiety and a different second moiety; exposing the film to photonic or charged particle radiation; and patterning the film.