Abstract: A method for calculating a 3D representation of a vascular malformation of a vascular structure is provided. The method comprises: providing 2D X-ray image data of a vascular structure containing a contrast agent and having a vascular malformation, providing 3D image data of the vascular structure and transforming the 3D image data into transformed 2D image data, overlaying the 2D X-ray image data and the transformed 2D image data; calculating a correspondence between the 2D X-ray image data and the transformed 2D image data to determine a co-registration between the 2D X-ray image data and the 3D image data, determining in the co-registered 2D X-ray image data the vascular malformation, and calculating the 3D representation of the vascular malformation based on the determined vascular malformation of the co-registered 2D X-ray image data.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the calculation of a 3D representation of a vascular malformation of a vascular structure of an anatomy and to the registration of 2D and 3D medical images for said calculation. The advantages of the used 2D X-ray image data are the high resolution and the fact that differences between arteries and veins are highly visible for the medical practitioner, in particular with respect to the distribution evolvement of a contrast agent within the vascular structure. These advantages of the X-ray image data are transferred into the 3D image data of the same vascular structure when applying the method of the present invention. In particular, the present invention relates to a computer-implemented medical method of 2D/3D image co-registration, a corresponding computer program, a non-transitory program storage medium storing such a program, a computer for executing the program, as well as a medical image analysing system and a radiotherapy treatment system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a computer-implemented method of determining an atlas element. The method encompasses acquiring model image data that describes at least one fixed element (an anatomical element such as an anatomical body part, for example, a rib). Patient image data is acquired that describes an improvable element (an anatomical element such as an anatomical body part, for example heart). Region data is acquired, for example by assigning a homogeneous grey value to a region of the model image. The patient image is matched to the model image, wherein no matching is performed within the region. A transformation for mapping the improvable element into the region is determined based on matching. Several patient images are then mapped into the region and superimposed. An atlas element is determined based on the superimposed images. The method may be repeated using the determined anatomical atlas element as a constraint to detect further atlas elements.

Abstract: Disclosed is a computer-implemented method of determining an atlas element. The method encompasses acquiring model image data that describes at least one fixed element (an anatomical element such as an anatomical body part, for example, a rib). Patient image data is acquired that describes an improvable element (an anatomical element such as an anatomical body part, for example heart). Region data is acquired, for example by assigning a homogeneous grey value to a region of the model image. The patient image is matched to the model image, wherein no matching is performed within the region. A transformation for mapping the improvable element into the region is determined based on matching. Several patient images are then mapped into the region and superimposed. An atlas element is determined based on the superimposed images. The method may be repeated using the determined anatomical atlas element as a constraint to detect further atlas elements.

Abstract: Optical parametric oscillators (OPO) and systems are provided. The OPO has a non-linear optical material located between two optical elements where the product of the reflection coefficients of the optical elements are higher at the output wavelength than at either the pump or idler wavelength. The OPO output may be amplified using an additional optical parametric amplifier (OPA) stage.