Abstract: A disc screen apparatus is disclosed for separating mixed recyclable materials of varying sizes and shapes. The disc screen apparatus has an enclosure or frame with an input, a container discharge location and a paper discharge location. A first plurality of shafts and second plurality of shafts are rotatably supported by the frame. The first plurality of shafts form a first disc screen disposed in a first plane and the second plurality of shafts form a second disc screen at least a portion of which is disposed in a second plane. The second plane is disposed beneath and angled with respect to the first plane such that the planes at least partially overlap. One or more motors rotate the first and second plurality of shafts. Each shaft has a plurality of discs positioned along it. The discs are offset between adjacent shafts such that discs on each shaft interleave with discs on an adjacent shaft but do not touch the adjacent shaft. The discs are substantially square in shape with radiused corners.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of use is disclosed for a machine used for perforating and flattening or crushing containers of varying sizes and materials. The disclosed machine has a frame having an input opening and a discharge opening. A first plurality of shafts and second plurality of shafts are rotatably supported by the firame. The first plurality of shafts are disposed in a first plane and the second plurality of shafts are disposed in a second plane. The second plane is acutely angled with respect to the first plane. One or more motors rotate the first and second plurality of shafts, each shaft having perforating elements positioned along them. The perforating elements are offset between adjacent performing shafts such that adjacent perforating elements overlap but do not touch the adjacent shaft. The perforating elements have a plurality of spikes capable of perforating the container being perforated and crushed. In use, containers are introduced into the frame through the input opening.

Abstract: A machine agitates and rips scrap metal containers such as scrap aluminum cans to expose their interiors and shake out sand, dirt, and other material in the cans. Alternatively, the containers may comprise shell casings which the machine deforms by thrashing. The machine has an enclosure in which a rotatable shaft is supported. A plurality of blade sets are mounted on the shaft within the enclosure to rotate the shaft. The blade sets are distributed along the shaft and interleaved with a plurality of angled, stationary vanes that are mounted to an inside surface of the enclosure. These parts cooperate when the shaft is rotated by propelling containers on a helical path on which the blade sets batter, thrash, and rip the containers, throwing them against the vanes and the sides of the enclosure. As cans are battered and agitated by the blades, their contents are emptied and the cans are ultimately propelled to a collection point.

Abstract: A machine for sorting recyclable matter includes a trommel for conducting and screening an input flow of recyclable matter and a magnetic mechanism coupled to the trommel for extracting magnetic material from the input flow while the trommel rotates. The input flow is dropped vertically from the trommel into a positive-pressure air separator which separates the flow into a first material stream including lightweight articles and a second material stream including relatively heavy articles. The heavy articles of the second material stream drop downwardly in the air separator. Padded baffles are provided in the air separator for reducing the downward velocity of the second material stream, which substantially lowers breakage of glass articles.

Abstract: A machine agitates and rips scrap aluminum cans to expose their interiors and shake out sand, dirt, and other material in the cans. The machine has an enclosure in which a rotatable shaft is supported. A plurality of blade sets are mounted on the shaft within the enclosure to rotate the shaft. The blade sets are distributed along the shaft and interleaved with a plurality of angled, stationary vanes that are mounted to an inside surface of the enclosure. These parts cooperate when the shaft is rotated by propelling scrap cans on a helical path on which the blade sets batter and rip the cans, throwing them against the vanes and the sides of the enclosure. As the cans are battered and agitated by the blades, their contents are emptied and the cans are ultimately propelled to a collection point.

Abstract: A machine for sorting recyclable matter includes a trommel for conducting and screening an input flow of recyclable matter and a magnetic mechanism coupled to the trommel for extracting magnetic material from the input flow while the trommel rotates. The input flow is dropped vertically from the trommel into a positive-pressure air separator which separates the flow into a first material stream including lightweight articles and a second material stream including relatively heavy articles. The heavy articles of the second material stream drop downwardly in the air separator. Padded baffles are provided in the air separator for reducing the downward velocity of the second material stream, which substantially lowers breakage of glass articles.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine fuel injector having a selectively openable nozzle (10) through which fuel is delivered to a combustion chamber of the engine. The nozzle (10) comprises a port (12) having an internal annular surface (13) and a valve member (20) having an external annular surface co-axial with respect to the internal annular surface. The annular surfaces being shaped so that when the internal and external annular surfaces are in sealing contact closing the nozzle the maximum width (17) of the passage between the surfaces is not substantially more than 40 microns, preferably not more than 20 microns, in the direction normal to the surfaces.

Abstract: A machine for sorting recyclable matter includes a trommel for conducting and screening an input flow of recyclable matter and a magnetic mechanism coupled to the trommel for extracting magnetic material from the input flow while the trommel rotates. The input flow is dropped vertically from the trommel into a positive-pressure air separator which separates the flow into a first material stream including lightweight articles and a second material stream including relatively heavy articles. The heavy articles of the second material stream drop downwardly in the air separator. Padded baffles are provided in the air separator for reducing the downward velocity of the second material stream, which substantially lowers breakage of glass articles.

Abstract: A method of controlling the mass of air and fuel delivered to an internal combustion engine per cylinder, per cycle, by utilizing a unique control algorithm.

Abstract: A machine for sorting recyclable matter includes a trommel for conducting and screening an input flow of recyclable matter and a magnetic mechanism coupled to the trommel for extracting magnetic material from the input flow while the trommel rotates. The input flow is dropped vertically from the trommel into a positive-pressure air separator which separates the flow into a first material stream including lightweight articles and a second material stream including relatively heavy articles. The heavy articles of the second material stream drop downwardly in the air separator. Padded baffles are provided in the air separator for reducing the downward velocity of the second material stream, which substantially lowers breakage of glass articles.

Abstract: A machine for sorting recyclable matter includes a trommel for conducting and screening an input flow of recyclable matter and a magnetic mechanism coupled to the trommel for extracting magnetic material from the input flow while the trommel rotates. The input flow is dropped vertically from the trommel into a positive-pressure air separator which separates the flow into a first material stream including lightweight articles and a second material stream including relatively heavy articles. The heavy articles of the second material stream drop downwardly in the air separator. Padded baffles are provided in the air separator for reducing the downward velocity of the second material stream, which substantially lowers breakage of glass articles.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine air supply system having a first air intake passage (11) through which air can flow to the engine (8) with a driver actuated mechanism operatively coupled to a first control means (12) to vary the air flow through the primary passage (11) to the engine (8) in response to the driver demand and a second air intake passage (13) through which air can flow to the engine (8) with an actuator means operable in response to sensed engine operating conditions to operate a second control means (5) to vary the air flow through the second passage (13) to the engine (8); the first control (12) means and second control means (5) being operable independently, so that the air supplied to the engine (8) may pass solely through one of the first (11) or second (13) air passages or simultaneously through both.

Abstract: A baling machine has an outer housing forming an elongate, rectangular main baling chamber with a discharge opening at one end and an auxiliary baling chamber intersecting the main baling chamber. An inlet opening directs cans into the chambers at the intersection. An auxiliary piston is reciprocally mounted in the auxiliary baling chamber to compress cans to a first compression pressure in an initial compaction stage, while a main piston is reciprocally mounted in the main baling chamber to compress the compacted cans to a second compression pressure in a final compaction stage in which a bale of predetermined dimensions and weight is formed without any need for pre-weighing the cans.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine in-cylinder fuel injector nozzle having a body having a fuel passage terminating in a port that, in use, communicates the fuel passage with an engine combustion chamber. The port has an annular seat therein and a valve element also having an annular seat co-operates with the seat in the port to control fuel flow therethrough. An annular flow directing surface extends downstream from each of the annular seats, and each flow directing surface is contoured to blend smoothly with its respective seat.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine particularly of two stroke cycle spark ignited engine, wherein a metered quantity of fuel is entrained in a gas, and the fuel and gas mixture so formed is delivered through a nozzle into the combustion chamber under conditions that will establish a fuel spray having a dispersion velocity in the direction of the spray axis of not more than 25 meters/sec at 35 millimeters of spray penetration from the nozzle when measured in still air atmospheric pressure, and preferably that dispersion velocity is not more than 18 meters/sec at 70 millimeters from the nozzle.

Abstract: A direct injected two stroke cycle internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a cylinder head at one end of the cylinder, a piston mounted for reciprocation in the cylinder, and an inlet port and an exhaust port in the wall of the cylinder at substantially diametrically opposite locations in the cylinder. A cavity in the cylinder head extending in a generally diametral direction from adjacent the cylinder wall at a location opposite the exhaust port. The cavity having substantially straight side edges in the direction of extension, and the longitudinal length of the cavity in said direction being about 0.55 to 0.77 of the diameter of the cylinder.

Abstract: A method for crushing metal cans into rectangular blocks or bales wherein cans are fed through a precrusher, which flattens and rips open the cans to drain liquids therefrom and leaves protruding torn tabs and flaps that facilitate bonding of the cans into a self-sustaining bale. The flattened cans are collected in a charging bin until a predetermined weight is reached; then the cans are released into a bale-forming chamber, which is closed by a hinged door forming an initial compression member. A ram then compresses the cans longitudinally in the chamber, the ram having ribs on the compression face to form grooves in the bale for future stack-retaining straps. A sliding door opens the end of the baling chamber for ejection of the formed bale by continued extension of the ram.

Abstract: A machine for crushing metal cans into rectangular blocks or bales wherein cans are fed through a precrusher, which flattens and rips open the cans to drain liquids therefrom and leaves protruding torn tabs and flaps that facilitate bonding of the cans into a self-sustaining bale. The flattened cans are collected in a charging bin until a predetermined weight is reached; then the cans are released into a bale-forming chamber, which is closed by a hinged door forming an initial compression member. A ram then compresses the cans longitudinally in the chamber, the ram having ribs on the compression face to form grooves in the bale for future stack-retaining straps. A sliding door opens the end of the baling chamber for ejection of the formed bale by continued extension of the ram.