Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing high integrity probability of connect fix (PCF) in GPS navigation applications, such as precision approach and landing and airborne refueling. In an exemplary embodiment, an enlarged pull in region is used to compute protection levels. In an exemplary embodiment, geometric extra-redundancy is used to enhance PCF and PAF (probability of almost fixed). In an exemplary embodiment, geometric extra-redundancy almost fixed solutions provide superior accuracy and integrity for GPS navigation applications.

Abstract: A method and system for backing up and restoring data of production servers. A mapping that maps volumes of production servers to volumes of a data protection server is maintained on the data protection server. When volumes of the data protection server are backed up, the mapping may be stored on the archive media together with the data of the volumes. Later, during a restore, the mapping is read from the archive media. The mapping allows the data to be restored to the data protection server or directly to the production servers.

Abstract: EPG services are provided, which enables a device such as a computer, a set top box or the like to collect EPG data from multiple EPG data providers or sources. The EPG data is collected at the device by EPG loaders. Each EPG loader collects EPG data from a particular source. The EPG loaders deliver the EPG data to a writer module, which performs scaling and formatting functions to the EPG data. The writer module also stores the scaled and formatted EPG data in a database or other storage. Once stored, applications gain access to the EPG data through a control module. The writer module may also be implemented by chaining EPG loaders in a priority scheme. However, EPG loader interaction reduces independence and forces more rigid interface and implementation constraints upon the design of EPG loaders. The control module provides the accessed EPG data to the applications. EPG services function to isolate the operation of the applications from the EPG data sources.

Abstract: A system for the unified provisioning of virtual and physical disk images is created. The system includes a library of disk images. Client devices are able to upload to, and select disk images from the disk library. The library is able to determine the hardware requirements of a client device, and format the disk image accordingly. The library supports both virtual machine and physical computer systems, and is able to modify the stored disk image to accommodate either type of client device. The library can modify images to be bootable from a wide variety of storage device types, including iSCSI, and DAS, for example.

Abstract: Migration mechanisms are disclosed herein that smartly transfer data among virtual machines, minimizing the down time of migration of such machines but maximizing the consistent state of data stored thereon. Specifically, data can be classified into three types: low volatility data (such as hard disk data), high volatility data (such a random access memory data), and immutable data (such as read only data). This data can be migrated from a source virtual machine to a target virtual machine by sending the immutable data along with the low volatility data first—before the source virtual machine has stopped itself for the migration process. Then, after the source virtual machine has stopped, high volatility data and (again) low volatility data can be sent from the source to the target. In this latter case, only differences between the low volatility data may be sent (or alternatively, new low volatility data may be sent).

Abstract: Methods and systems for updating a virtual machine image. The virtual machine image may be stored as a collection of one or more virtual hard disk files. The virtual machine image is rendered to file-system data. Rendering the virtual machine image to file-system data may comprise mounting the virtual machine image's virtual hard disk drives. An analysis engine is invoked to scan the exposed file-system data to determine the update status of software constructs of the virtual machine image and data indicative of the scanning may be stored. The virtual machine image may be updated while inactive or may be deployed and activated in a protected environment for updating.

Abstract: A secure DMZ-resident computer that cannot connect to the internal network while allowing data to be transferred to and from the DMZ-resident computer is disclosed. The mechanism may include the transference of virtual hard disk files between the internal network and the DMZ host computer. The DMZ host computer may be configured with two network interface cards (“NICs”). One NIC may be connected to the DMZ network. The other NIC may be connected to the internal network. The virtual machines are connected only to the DMZ NIC. The physical host communicates only with the internal network NIC. When it is necessary to publish data to the DMZ-resident computer, a virtual hard disk file may be copied to the DMZ host over the internal network NIC. The DMZ resident virtual computer simply detects the presence of the new drive and mounts it.

Abstract: A legacy computer system receives a hard drive or other hardware failure. Rather than attempting to rebuild the computer system or recover selected data, which may require locating discontinued hardware or even software, a virtual machine image is created from a previously prepared backup image of the hard drive. The retrieved backup image is modified to create a virtual image that is bootable on a virtual machine. Thus, the original computer environment stored on the legacy system is now virtualized removing the need to repair or replace the failed hardware.

Abstract: Methods and systems for scanning a virtual machine image. The virtual machine image may be stored as a collection of one or more virtual hard disk files. The virtual machine image may be stored by taking the virtual machine off-line or may be stored by taking a checkpoint of the virtual machine while the virtual machine is on-line. The virtual machine image is rendered to file-system data. Rendering the virtual machine image to file-system data may comprise mounting the virtual machine image's virtual hard disk drives. An anti-malware engine is invoked to scan the exposed file-system data, and data indicative of the scanning may be stored.

Abstract: A computer system suitable for archiving data with a corresponding application program in a virtual application environment is presented. The computer system includes a processor, a memory, and a storage. The computer system also includes an operating system, data to be archived, and an application program that correspond to the data, such that the application program can operate on the data. The computer system also includes a virtual application environment generator. In response to an instruction to archive the data, the virtual application environment generator generates a virtual application environment. The virtual application environment comprises the data, the corresponding application program, and the operating system.

Abstract: Television tuning device screen saver advertising is disclosed. The television tuning device that is connectable to the Internet. While the user has his or her device connected to the Internet, advertising information may be cached. When the device enters a screen saver mode, the previously cached information is displayed. The advertising information can be targeted to the user based on demographic and other information, and can be interactive. The advertising information may also cause the device to tune to a particular channel related to the advertising information, such that both are displayed. The advertising information is unrelated to any sponsor of the television tuning device.

Abstract: Virtual machines and hosts of virtual machines are dynamically organized and managed in accordance with specific properties of the virtual machines and hosts. A system can be browsed for virtual machines/hosts having a specific property(s). Properties and property values are represented by a hierarchical structure of folders and subfolders, and/or in a textual hierarchical directory structure. Selection of a property value results in the virtual machines/hosts having the selected property value attributed thereto. Browsing can also be accomplished via a hierarchical textual directory structure. A virtual machine can be selected to navigate the virtual and view its constituents. Properties, property values, virtual machines, and hosts can be added, deleted, and/or modified.

Abstract: Indexing functionality can be shifted to one or more backup servers in a backup system. In one implementation, a backup server can receive one or more data backups from one or more production servers. The backup server can then build or create one or more indexes at the backup server, which correspond to the contents of the one or more data backups. In one implementation, one or more management agents can also identify any appropriate components that might be needed to read the backup data at the backup server pursuant to building the one or more indexes. In either case, the one or more indexes can be used for a wide range of purposes, such as to manage data usage quotas at the one or more production servers, as well as to retrieve data from the backup server based on specific file requests.

Abstract: Implementations of the present invention allow clients (e.g., end-users, administrators, etc.) to associate data with one or more protection intents at the data/data source level. A backup server can then associate the data with a specific protection mechanism regardless of where the data/data source(s) are located, or regardless of how other like-data are being backed up. The backup server can then backup data that are associated with similar protection intents in a similar manner based on client specifications. The backup server can also monitor the various protection intents and associations to ensure that the protection intents are being met. For example, if the backup server identifies that data are not being backed up in accordance with their associated protection intent, the backup server can send one or more communications indicating the same, such that the protection mechanisms can be adjusted appropriately.

Abstract: Data in backup systems can be effectively protected against viruses, even if definitions for certain viruses are found after infected data have been backed up to a backup server. In one implementation, a combined filter that includes antivirus and replica filtering components can identify and process I/O system calls (e.g., including writes to files). If a virus is present, the antivirus component of the combined filter can mark the file and/or file write (and cleanse the file/file write), and pass that information to the replica component. If the file write is associated with a file to be backed up, the replica component can then pass along the antivirus filter's indications with a copy of the file write. The backup server can also identify that previous versions of the file stored at the backup server may have been infected, and can thus perform any appropriate actions.

Abstract: Data can be protected at a production server in a virtually continuous fashion, without necessarily imposing severe constraints on the source application(s). For example, a production server can create an application-consistent backup of one or more volumes, the backups corresponding to a first instance in time. A volume filter driver can monitor data changes in each volume using an in-memory bitmap, while a log file and/or update sequence number journal can keep track of which files have been added to or updated. The volume updates are also consistent for an instance (later) in time. At the next replication cycle, such as every few minutes (however configured), the volume filter driver passes each in-memory bitmap to the physical disk on the production server. The production server then sends the updates to the backup server, which thus stores application-consistent backups for the volume for multiple instances of time.

Abstract: To determine whether to deploy a candidate VM to a candidate host, taking into consideration resources available from the candidate host and resources required by the candidate VM, a sub-rating is calculated for each of several resources available from the candidate host, where the sub-rating for the resource corresponds to an amount of the resource that is free after the candidate VM is deployed to the candidate host. Thereafter, a rating is calculated from the calculated sub-ratings to characterize how well the candidate host can accommodate the candidate VM. The rating for the candidate host are presented to a selector that determines whether to deploy the candidate VM to the candidate host based on the rating thereof.

Abstract: Each of a plurality of virtual machines (VMs) is stored in a halted form in a library for retrieval from the library and re-starting on a host. Each re-started VM includes a plurality of software constructs, each of which is at least potentially non-current and requires a software update. To update a non-current VM, such VM is retrieved and re-started on a maintenance host, and each non-current software construct is allowed to be updated by obtaining the required software update from a corresponding update source as a patch. Alternatively, the VM is mounted to a computing device, constituent components of the mounted VM are examined to determine whether each software construct thereof is current, and each non-current software construct is updated by obtaining the required software update from the corresponding update source as a patch and applying same to the mounted VM.

Abstract: A tuning system is described that is capable of receiving a number of different broadcast types such as analog or digital satellite, cable, Internet, and terrestrial airwave broadcasts. The tuning system stores service records, each service recording containing information required to tune to a particular channel. These service records are categorized within service spaces by tuner type, content, or in any other desired manner. A viewer selects (actively or by default) the service space in which the viewer desires to channel surf. The viewer then selects the desired channel within that service space. In response to this selection, the tuning system uses the information within the selected service record to identify the correct tuner, and to cause that tuner to tune to the selected channel.

Abstract: An electronic program guide (EPG) hardware card is disclosed. The card is insertable into a television tuning device having EPG capability. A non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, is situated within a case of the hardware card, and has data stored thereon representing one or more loader programs for the device. Each program corresponds to an EPG provider, and gives the device the capability to receive EPG information from this provider. The case of the hardware card may have a form factor such as a Smart Card, a Compact Flash, a Smart Media, or another form factor. Alternatively, the data stored on the card represents non-executable information corresponding to an EPG provider. A business model and a server-based embodiment are also disclosed.