Abstract: A method of digital photofinishing comprising the steps of: producing a digital color image in optical printing densities of a color image captured on photographic media; processing the digital color image with an underexposure gamma correction algorithm, a scene balance algorithm, and a contrast normalization algorithm to produce a processed digital color image; mapping the processed digital color image through a hard copy media characteristic curve to produce a mapped digital color image mapped to print densities of the hard copy media; sharpening the mapped digital color image with a sharpening algorithm optimized to avoid unacceptable artifacts; and digitally printing the sharpened digital color image onto hard copy media.

Abstract: A method of digital photofinishing comprising the steps of: producing a digital color image in optical printing densities of a color image captured on photographic media; processing the digital image with a scene balance algorithm to produce a balanced digital color image; using a contrast normalization algorithm, remapping the balanced digital color image to a preferred tone reproduction position; mapping the contrast normalized digital color image through a hard copy media characteristic curve to produce a digital image mapped to print densities of the hard copy media; sharpening the mapped digital color image with a sharpening algorithm optimized to avoid unacceptable artifacts; and digitally printing the sharpened digital color image onto hard copy media.

Abstract: A method of digital photofinishing comprising the steps of: producing a digital color image in optical printing densities of a color image captured on photographic media; increasing the under-exposure gamma of the digital color image using a media under-exposure gamma adjustment algorithm; processing the under-exposure gamma adjusted digital color image with a scene balance algorithm to produce a balanced digital color image; mapping the balanced digital color image through a hard copy media characteristic curve to produce a balanced digital image mapped to print densities of the hard copy media; sharpening the mapped balanced digital color image with a sharpening algorithm optimized to avoid unacceptable artifacts; and digitally printing the sharpened digital color image onto hard copy media.

Abstract: A method of digital photofinishing comprising the steps of: producing a digital color image in optical printing densities of a color image captured on photographic media; processing the digital color image with a scene balance algorithm to produce a balanced digital color image; mapping the balanced digital color image through a hard copy media characteristic curve to produce a balanced digital color image mapped to print densities of the hard copy media; sharpening the mapped balanced digital color image with a sharpening algorithm optimized to avoid unacceptable artifacts; and digitally printing the sharpened digital color image in hard copy media.

Abstract: A digital image having a dynamic range representing a brightness in an original scene greater than the dynamic range of an output medium, is processed to fit the dynamic range of the output medium by dividing the image into first and second portions, the first portion of the image representing a brightness range extending from a minimum brightness up to a distance equal to the dynamic range of the output medium, the second portion of the image representing a brightness range extending from a maximum brightness down to a distance equal to the dynamic range of the output medium. First and second transformations are determined for the first and second portions of the image respectively that map the first and second portions onto the dynamic range of the output medium using a exposure determination algorithm of the type used in photographic printers.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for increasing the range of values representing a color image which exhibit a linear response. To increase the linear range, look-up tables are formed which straighten the toe and shoulder regions of film's three density vs log exposure curves up to a prescribed limit. The values of the minimum densities for the piece of film containing the image are determined. The representative values of the image are then aligned with the input values of the look-up tables by a relative shift of the image values and the table values so that the minimum density values of the image equal the minimum density values in the look-up tables. The color density image is then processed through the look-up tables to increase its linear range.

Abstract: A mechanism for recoloring a color image defines a spatial region within the image (such as the pupil of the eye) a color characteristic of which (e.g. the `red-eye` phenomenon) is to be selectively modified. To determine whether the color of an image sample within a spatial region is to be modified, the value of the chrominance component of each sample within the region is compared with a regularly shaped (e.g. elliptical) chrominance variation discriminator that surrounds a target color of interest (e.g. red, in the case of a `red-eye` correction). The major axis of the ellipse coincides with the saturation direction of the chrominance plane and its minor axis coincides with the hue direction. For each sampling location within the spatial region, the value of the chrominance component is examined to determine whether it falls within the elliptical chrominance discriminator.

Abstract: An interactive dynamic range adjustment method for printing digital images, and an implementation system, are disclosed. The method is based on experimental findings about visual photoreceptor adaption and human visual contrast sensitivity. The system adjusts the contrast of the low-frequency component only of the image, preserving (or if one wishes, enhancing) the high-frequency image component in its contrast. The adjustment is controlled by a mapping curve which the user manipulates interactively. The simulated optical print image and the dynamic range adjusted image are displayed side by side on a monitor screen so that the user can make proper selection of parameters to achieve the desired effect. For many images, the system automatically computes good parameters and no further adjustment is needed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a printing system which makes use of a color exposure determination algorithm. If the printing system permits operator controlled reprinting, then the algorithm's coefficients may be optimized by reprinting negatives using exposures that have been precisely corrected by the operator. This invention teaches that a most efficient way to select the negatives for reprinting is to chose those which lie in two ranges of the "hat" statistic for any or all of the color exposure determination algorithm equations used to make the print. It also teaches how to automatically re-optimize the algorithm coefficients on a periodic basis using data collected automatically during the reprinting operation.

Abstract: An electro-optic display is provided which uses a liquid crystalline composition (a) having a positive, zero frequency dielectric anisotropy and (b) exhibiting a dielectric anisotropy inversion with increasing frequency of an applied field. Such a composition is subjected to an electric field of a first audio frequency and then subjected to a field of a second audio frequency of a magnitude sufficient to produce a dielectric anisotropy inversion in said composition. The resultant anisotropy changes allow the molecular orientation of the composition to be altered by the applied field thereby changing the optical properties of the composition.